Which age range has these gross motor skills? Show
throws ball underhand, pedals tricycle, catches large ball, completes aided somersault, jumps to floor from 1 foot, hops with both feet, steps on footprint pattern, catches bounced ball. 3 to 4 years During the infant's second year, the growth rate... begins to slow down A review of the height and weight of children around the world concluded that the two most important contributors to height differences are _____ and nutrition. ethnic origin Which of the following is a neuronal change which occurs in early childhood? increased myelination Ben, a three-year-old boy, fills his sketchbook with drawings of circles, squares, rectangles, triangles, and cross signs. From this information, we can infer that Ben is in the _____ stage of artistic drawings devised by Rhoda Kellogg. shape In terms of energy needs during early childhood, what is the recommend amount of caloric intake? 1800 calories each day Experts now suggest that preschool-age children should exercise for ____ minutes every day. 120 Fran's preschool is old and the paint previously contained lead. Fran is now at risk for ADHD Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Piaget's preoperational stage? During this stage, a child's cognitive world is dominated by egocentrism and magical beliefs Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the symbolic function substage of Piaget's preoperational stage? During this stage, children believe that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action Andrea cannot tell the difference between her own perspective and someone else's. Andrea is experiencing egocentrism Four-year-old Doug is driving his parents crazy with all his questions. He asks why everything is the way it is, then why things aren't some other way. His parents might be comforted to know that such questioning is characteristic of the intuitive thought substage The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is a measure of the range of tasks that can be learned with the assistance of adults. In regard to cognitive development, which of the following terms was used by Vygotsky to describe the changing level of support over the course of a teaching session, with the more-skilled person adjusting guidance to fit the child's current performance level? scaffolding The _____ approach is an approach that emphasizes the social contexts of learning and the fact that knowledge is mutually built and constructed. social constructivist Which age group is the most suggestible and, therefore, most likely to believe misleading information about an event they have viewed? preschool Memory of significant events and experiences in one's life is called _____ memory autobiographical Studies of the _____ view the child as "a thinker who is trying to explain, predict, and understand people's thoughts, feelings, and utterances." theory of mind When Ashlyn describes her friend as funny, Ashlyn is describing a ______ trait. psychological In terms of conscience development, children are more likely to internalize the values of their parents when they exhibit a(n) _____ attachment. secure Which of the following is a feature of autonomous morality acceptance and openness to a change in rules Bea does not think she deserves a time out for hitting Arthur, her brother, because she hit him accidentally. She tells her mother that she should be punished only when she intentionally hits Arthur. Bea's explanation for her action reflects the operation of autonomous morality Gender _____ refers to the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role. typing Which of the following theories of gender holds that gender development is governed by children's attraction to their opposite-sex parent? psychoanalytic theory Which of the following differentiates between the social cognitive theory and the gender schema theory? The social cognitive theory emphasizes the observation and imitation of appropriate gender behaviors, while the gender schema theory proposes that children are internally motivated to fulfil their developing gender roles. Children whose parents are _____ have poor self-control, low self-esteem, are immature, and do not handle independence well. neglectful Which of the following parenting styles involves the dimensions of high acceptance and high responsiveness and low demand and less control? indulgent parenting In terms of child maltreatment, which of the following is NOT considered one of the family characteristics that contribute to child maltreatment? social media An important function of the peer group is to provide a source of information about the world outside the family During the middle and late childhood years, children gain about five to seven pounds a year. The weight increase is due mainly to increases in the size of the skeletal and muscular systems Advances in the prefrontal cortex are linked to which of the following in children? improved attention Dora is a six-year-old girl. Which of the following motor skills is she expected to develop? cutting and pasting Which of the following statements is TRUE about motor development during middle and late childhood? Girls usually outperform boys in fine motor skills. A child between 7 and 10 years of age should consume about _____ calories each day. 2400 Josh is 11 years old and is participating in sports. He is MOST likely to suffer an injury to his arm Which of the following should be encouraged in children who participate in sports? allowing children to make mistakes Intervention programs that target improving the diet of parents have been successful in helping the children of the parents lose weight. _____ is the most common chronic disease in U.S. children, being present in approximately 9 percent of them.
asthma Approximately what percentage of adolescents and adults who were diagnosed with ADHD in childhood still continue to experience ADHD symptoms? 70% Articulation disorders are _____ disorders speech Stuttering occurs in which of the following cases? when a child's speech has spasmodic hesitation Marcel is affected by serious, persistent problems that involve relationships, aggression, fear, and depression. He is suffering from _____. emotional and behavioral disorders _____ syndrome is a relatively mild autism spectrum disorder in which the child has relatively good verbal language skills, milder nonverbal language problems, and a restricted range of interests and relationships Asperger Recent studies have suggested that a lack of connectivity between brain regions may be a key factor i autism In 1975, Public Law 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, required that all students with disabilities be given a free appropriate public education Which of the following is a characteristic of both the preoperational and the concrete operational stages? reasoning In a conservation problem, the difference between preoperational and concrete operational thought is that children in the preoperational stage focus on only one dimension of a problem, while children in the concrete operational level focus on more than one. According to Jean Piaget, children learn best when they actively seek solutions for themselves Long-term memory differs from short-term memory in that long-term memory increases with age during middle and late childhood. Which of the following is a memory strategy that improves processing of information? mental imagery Self-control, working memory, and flexibility are all dimensions of executive function _____ thinking produces one correct answer and characterizes the kind of thinking that is required on conventional tests of intelligence. convergent Rita, who is in fifth grade, has just found out that her history exam is all fill-in-the-blank questions. She is discouraged because she knows that she does not usually do well on this type of exam. In recognizing this, Rita has engaged in a form of metacognition Which of the following type of intelligence test yields several composite indexes such as the Verbal Comprehension Index, the Working Memory Index, and the Processing Speed Index? The Wechsler Scales Dr. Ruiz is a theoretical physicist who is a renowned researcher, but she has difficulty figuring out how to turn on the air conditioner in her car. According to Robert Sternberg, Dr. Ruiz has high analytical intelligence and low practical intelligence "Hannah has an IQ of 135. With that level of intelligence, I'm sure she'll be quite successful no matter what career she chooses." The speaker is misusing the results of the intelligence test James has an IQ of 60. He lives in his own apartment, has a job, and supports himself. However, he often requires assistance with simple tasks such as cooking, shopping, and commuting. According to the definition of mental retardation, James is _____ retarded. mildly When teaching reading, the whole-language approach stresses that reading instruction should parallel a child's natural language learning. According to your text, scribbling usually appears around age two or three Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic motivator? learning something out of curiosity Caroline feels that she cannot change who she is. Carol Dweck would say she has a _____ mindset. fixed define myelination the process in which the nerve cells are covered and insulated with a layer of fat cells, which increases the speed at which information travels through the nervous system Which age range has these gross motor skills? bounces and catches ball, runs 10 feet, pushes/pulls a wagon, kicks 10 inch ball toward target, carries 12 pound object, catches ball, bounces ball under control, hops on one foot 4 to 5 years Which age range has these gross motor skills? throws ball, carries 16 pound object, kicks rolling ball, skips alternating feet, roller skates, skips rope, rolls ball to hit object, rides bike with training wheels. 5 to 6 years Which age range has these fine motor skills? approximates a circle in drawing, cuts paper, pastes using pointer finger, builds 3 block bridge, builds 8 block tower, draws 0 and +, dresses and undresses dolls, pours from pitcher without spilling 3 to 4 years Which age range has these fine motor skills? strings and laces shoelaces, cuts following a line, strings 10 beads, copies figure x, opens and places clothespins one handed, builds 5 block bridge, pours from various containers, prints first name 4 to 5 years Which age range has these fine motor skills? folds paper into halves and quarters, traces around hand, draws shapes, cuts interior piece of paper, uses crayons appropriately, makes clay object with 2 small parts, reproduces letters, copies two short words 5 to 6 years Denver Developmental Screening Test II a test used to diagnose developmental delay in children from birth to 6 years of age, includes separate assessments of gross and fine motor skills, language, and personal-social ability What are the 4 artistic stages children go through? placement, shape, design, and pictorial nightmares vs. night terrors nightmares are frightening dreams that awaken the sleeper. somnambulism sleepwalking preoperational stage Piaget's second stage, lasting from about 2 to 7 years of age, during which children begin to represent the world with words, images, and drawings, and symbolic thought goes beyond simple connections of sensory information and physical action; stable concepts are formed, mental reasoning emerges, egocentrism is present, and magical beliefs are constructed. operations In Piaget's theory, these are reversible mental actions that allow children to do mentally what they formerly did physically. symbolic function substage Piaget's first substage of preoperational thought, in which the child gains the ability to mentally represent an object that is not present (between about 2 and 4 years of age). egocentrism
Piaget's concept that describes the inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's perspective. animism the belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action intuitive thought substage Piaget's second substage of preoperational thought, in which children begin to use primitive reasoning and want to know the answers to all sorts of questions (between 4 and 7 years of age) centration The focusing of attention on one characteristic of an object or task to the exclusion of others. conservation the concept that an object's or substance's basic properties stay the same even if it's appearance has been altered social constructivist approach (Vygotsky's Theory) an approach that emphasizes the social contexts of learning and the fact that knowledge is mutually built and constructed; Vygotsky's theory is a social constructivist approach. executive attention involves planning actions, allocating attention to goals, detecting and compensating for errors, monitoring progress on tasks, and dealing with novel or difficult circumstances sustained attention focused and extended engagement with an object, task, event, or other aspect of the environment short-term memory The memory component in which individuals retain information for up to 30 seconds, assuming there is no rehearsal of the information. Perceptions at each stage By 2 years: children recognize that other people see what is in front of their own eyes instead of what is in front of the child's eyes. 2-3 years: understand that desires are related to actions and simple emotions. 3-5 years: understand that the mind can represent objects and events accurately or inaccurately. this is the realization that people can have false beliefs fast mapping a process that helps to explain how young children learn the connection between a word and its referent so quickly child-centered kindergarten Education that involves the whole child by considering both the child's physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development and the child's needs, interests, and learning styles. Montessori approach An educational philosophy in which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities and are allowed to move from one activity to another as they desire. developmentally appropriate practice Education that focuses on the typical developmental patterns of children (age-appropriateness) and the uniqueness of each child (individual-appropriateness). Project Head Start Compensatory education designed to provide children from low-income families the opportunity to acquire the skills and experiences important for school success. self-understanding (Erikson) the child's cognitive representation of self; the substance and content of the child's self-conceptions When do self-conscious emotions emerge? 18 months moral development Development that involves thoughts, feelings, and actions regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interactions with other people conscience An internal regulation of standards of right and wrong that involves integrating moral thought, feeling, and behavior. heteronomous morality The first stage of moral development in Piaget's theory, occurring from approximately 4 to 7 years of age. Justice and rules are conceived of as unchangeable properties of the world, removed from the control of people. autonomous morality The second stage of moral development in Piaget's theory, displayed by older children (about 10 years of age and older). The child becomes aware that rules and laws are created by people and that, in judging an action, one should consider the actor's intentions as well as the consequences. immanent justice (Piaget) the expectation that, if a rule is broken, punishment will be meted out gender identity the sense of one's own gender, including knowledge, understanding, and acceptance of being male or female gender role a set of expectations that prescribes how females or males should think, act, and feel gender typing the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role social role theory a theory that gender differences result from the contrasting roles of men and women psychoanalytic theory of gender A theory deriving from Freud's view that the preschool child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent, by approximately 5 or 6 years of age renounces this attraction because of anxious feelings, and subsequently identifies with the same-sex parent, unconsciously adopting the same-sex parent's characteristics. Which is the greatest risk factor for being overweight at 9 years of age quizlet?For example, one study found that the greatest risk factor for being overweight at 9 years of age was having a parent who is overweight.
Why was Kandice Sumner able attend a more affluent school than the other children in her neighborhood when she was a child?Why was Kandice Sumner able attend a more affluent school than the other children in her neighborhood when she was a child? She participated in a voluntary bussing program aimed at desegregating schools.
What kind of memory shows the most growth during the middle and late childhood period?-long-term memory increases with age and reflects increased knowledge and increased use of strategies. -self-description involves psychological and social characteristics, including social comparison. -increased self-regulation is one of the most important aspects of the self in middle and late childhood.
Which of the following is the leading cause of death during middle and late childhood?Accidents (unintentional injuries) are, by far, the leading cause of death among children and teens.
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Josh is 11 years old and is participating in sports. he is most likely to suffer an injury to his
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