Sleep could be best described as a __________. Show Sleep could be best described as a state that is characterized by changes in brain wave activity, breathing, heart rate, body temperature, and other physiological functions. Question Asked 1/22/2016 7:24:47 AM Updated 1/22/2016 7:48:11 AM 1 Answer/Comment Rating 8 Sleep could be best described as a state that is characterized by changes in brain wave activity, breathing, heart rate, body temperature, and other physiological functions. Added 1/22/2016 7:48:11 AM This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. Confirmed by Janet17 [1/22/2016 8:02:56 AM] Which of the following actions does not require learning to occur? Yawning In order to prove that learning has happened, it is necessary to __________. Measure performance objectively and concretely The difference between an innate behavior and a learned behavior is that a learned behavior is __________ and an innate behavior is not. A result of experience __________ is an example of a learned behavior. Reading Both learned and innate behavior can occur as a result of automatic processes. True Sneezing is an example of a learned behavior. False All of the following are shaped by learned behavior except __________. A The types of movies that one likes is influenced by learned behaviors. True Sleeping is a behavior that is dependent on both instinctive and environmental conditions. True The fact that older locusts use less energy to fly than younger locusts suggests that __________. C A reflex is a type of innate behavior. True Behavior that happens automatically without conscious input is called __________ behavior. C All behaviors occur only after conscious thought. False Observable behaviors include both learned behaviors and instinctive behaviors. True Innate behavior occurs as a result of practice and repetition. False Which of the following is an example of a learned behavior? B All of the following are shaped by learned behavior except __________. B Over the course of his famous conditioning experiments, what did Pavlov’s dogs learn? D ___________ is the psychologist who conducted the “Little Albert” study in which he conditioned an infant to fear
white rats. B When planning a classical conditioning experiment, what is the goal of the researcher? B A stimulus that naturally provokes a behavior or response is known as a(n) __________. A Which process is responsible for the gradual diminishment of the association between a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned response? D Which learning process occurs when a connection between a stimulus and a response is strengthened as learning begins? A Watson’s “Little Albert” experiment demonstrated which of the following pairs of classical conditioning processes? D classical conditioning, the __________ stimulus causes an unconditioned response. B Once a conditioned behavior is extinguished, it can no longer appear again. False When a response becomes generalized, then someone will react to things that remind them of the first stimuli that caused a response. True Edward spends a lot of time studying for his exams. He usually takes practice exams when he studies. During his study time, he drinks a lot of soda and coffee. When he takes his actual exams in class, he is frequently bothered by a strong urge to have soda or coffee. What is the conditioned response (CR) in this scenario? A. C Behaviors never come back once they have been extinguished. False A neutral stimulus causes no response. True Conditioning occurs when two events that usually go together become associated with each other. False How does advertising use classical conditioning to help sell products? A During the process of classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus (NS) is converted into the __________. A Edward Thorndike’s law of effect was a precursor to the theory of __________. D The psychologist who believed that behaviors that are followed by favorable consequences tend to be repeated was __________. B n operant conditioning, acquisition is the __________. B Glen is attempting to use operant conditioning to train his dog, Thor, to fetch a ball upon command. To test Thor’s understanding, Glen throws the ball and yells, “Pineapple!” Thor does not fetch the ball. Which process of operant conditioning has Thor demonstrated? B Which B. F. Skinner invention allowed him to train subjects through operant conditioning? B The continued display of a behavior after reinforcement has been removed is known as ___________. C In classical conditioning, a stimulus is used to provoke or elicit a response that __________. A All of the following factors influence the effectiveness of reinforcement in operant conditioning except __________. B The discriminative stimulus in operant conditioning is one that predicts the probability of a consequence occurring. True B. F. Skinner is responsible for establishing the law of effect. False Reinforcement attempts may not work if the reinforcer is not important or valued by the subject. True The law of effect states that when a behavior is rewarded, which of the following is most likely to occur? D In operant conditioning, the consequence shapes the behavior. True Higher-order conditioning occurs when a conditioned response acts as an unconditioned response False One of the implications of John B. Watson’s work was that human phobias might be the result of classical conditioning True Classical conditioning occurs when the unconditioned stimulus evokes a response from a neutral stimulus False Edward Thorndike’s law of effect was a precursor to the theory of __________. D The psychologist who believed that behaviors that are followed by favorable
consequences tend to be repeated was __________. B In operant conditioning, acquisition is the __________. B In operant conditioning, food is an example of a __________ reinforcer. After receiving a reward for escaping the puzzle box, the cats ________. A. C Classical conditioning occurs when a particular behavior is reinforced by its consequences False Stimulus discrimination occurs when an organism generalizes one consequence to many stimuli similar to the discriminative stimulus False A discriminative stimulus is a cue that the reward may be forthcoming for a certain behavior True In operant conditioning, many complex behaviors are learned through shaping True In this scenario, what is the unconditioned stimulus for the vervent monkey’s behavior? the sight of the hawk circling When a response becomes generalized, then someone will react to things that remind them of the first stimuli that caused a response. True Conditioning occurs when two events that usually go together become associated with each other. False Behaviors never come back once they have been extinguished. False Once a conditioned behavior is extinguished, it can no longer appear again. False Spontaneous recovery is usually a permanent reappearance of a conditioned response. False In classical conditioning, the __________ stimulus causes an unconditioned response. unconditioned During the process of classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus (NS) is converted into the __________. Watson’s “Little Albert” experiment demonstrated which of the following pairs of classical conditioning processes? generalization and acquisition In operant conditioning, food is an example of a __________ reinforcer. Primary Stimulus discrimination occurs when an organism generalizes one consequence to many stimuli similar to the discriminative stimulus. False The discriminative stimulus in operant conditioning is one that predicts the probability of a consequence occurring. True Positive and negative reinforcement can be used to __________ wanted behavior. A A reinforcement that occurs when a behavior or response is reinforced after every demonstration is __________ reinforcement. B Negative punishment is a type of punishment used in operant conditioning in which the __________ of a rewarding stimulus decreases the tendency of a particular response. C In negative reinforcement, the reinforcement for the target behavior can most accurately be described as __________. pleasant Positive and negative reinforcement can be used to __________ wanted behavior. strengthen The reinforcer is presented on an inconsistent basis in a(n) __________ schedule of reinforcement. variable A reinforcement that occurs when a behavior or response is reinforced after every demonstration is __________ reinforcement. continuous A reinforcement that occurs when a behavior or response is reinforced after every demonstration is __________ reinforcement. delaying punishment Negative punishment is a type of punishment used in operant conditioning in which the __________ of a rewarding stimulus decreases the tendency of a particular response. removal Justine starts
yelling in the store when she wants something. Her parents buy her a toy in order to get Justine to stop yelling. negative reinforcement According to research, the most powerful reinforcement technique in conditioning is __________. positive reinforcement Receiving an electrical shock when you forget to turn off the power before working on an electrical socket is an example of a negative punishment. False Positive punishment occurs when a pleasant stimulus is removed after demonstration of a behavior. False One example of a fixed-interval reward schedule is the biweekly paycheck many workers earn. True Both positive and negative reinforcement serve to strengthen wanted behavior. True When a behavior is highly resistant to extinction, the organism takes longer to stop responding after a reinforcement is no longer given. True Punishment is more effective when applied at least an hour after the target behavior has occurred. False Molly is eating red and black jellybeans from a paper bag. She is not looking at the jellybeans as she eats them. She likes red jellybeans, but she does not like black jellybeans. The amount of jellybeans she has to take from the jar before she gets a red one is never the same. Molly is on a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement. Lighting a fire on a cold night to get warm is an example of a positive reinforcement. False Molly catches her dog chewing on her favorite slippers. Molly swats the dog on the nose so that it will not chew her slippers again. positive punishment Research has indicated that physical punishment is the most effective kind of punishment. False When punishment is applied after every instance of an unwanted target behavior, it is generally more effective. True One example of a fixed-interval reward schedule is the biweekly paycheck many workers earn. True Glenda is a gymnast. She performs a perfect triple backflip off the high bars. After landing successfully, the crowd erupts in applause. positive reinforcement Harrison sends an e-mail to his boss. Harrison expects a response within five minutes, but he can’t help himself and checks every 30 seconds. After five minutes, a replying e-mail is delivered just as he expected. Harrison is on a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement. The memory process of accessing information from the past is called __________. retrieving Memory depends on the __________. activation of a person’s neurons Alan Baddeley proposed that short-term memory has four components characterized as __________ memory. working An example of an echoic memory is __________. a thunderclap during a thunderstorm The ability to drive a car is an example of __________ memory. implicit As soon as Carol heard the phone number on the radio for a chance to win free concert tickets, she raced to the phone repeating out loud, “555-23-47,” so she wouldn’t forget before dialing. This is an example of __________. chunking Sensory memory lasts a fraction of a second before the information is lost. True What does iconic memory store? mental traces of things we see The memory process of transferring information into one’s memory system is called __________. encoding Iconic memory is used when a loud thunderclap occurs during a storm. False Memories of specific personal events are examples of semantic long-term memories. False Two ways to transfer a memory into long-term memory are maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal. True Scott hadn’t been on a bicycle in 12 years, but he hopped on and pedaled away without any hesitation. The skill of being able to ride a bike is stored in Scott’s __________ memory. procedural Riding a bike is an example of a procedural memory. True What are the two types of long-term memory? explicit and implicit Some studies have shown that children with a “weak” memory are more likely to engage in __________ activities. risky One way to enhance deep processing is to make the information __________. personal Research has indicated that using a narrative to recall information may lead to __________ levels of recall. increased Acrostics, acronyms, and rhymes are a few examples of __________. a mnemonic device A mnemonic device in which phrases or poems use the first letter of each word to help a person remember the information is an example of a(n) __________. acrostic Cryptomnesia can occur due to source-monitoring error, where __________ plagiarism takes places. unintentional Context and sensory clues aid one in deciding whether or not something occurred. This is called __________. reality monitoring A mnemonic device is a strategy used to improve memory. True Memory reconstructions are extremely accurate reproductions of information from one’s long-term memory. False For deep processing to occur, it is best to study information in several smaller sessions than in one long session. True Research seems to indicate that using a narrative to recall information leads to decreased levels of recall. False Randy was in an earthquake. Afterwards she talked to her neighbors, who explained the earthquake as “destructive” and “scary.” When asked by another person if anything had fallen during the earthquake, Randy said something did fall when, in fact, nothing had fallen. misinformation effect The misinformation effect is an example of a mnemonic device. False One way that a memory could be distorted is if it includes information that did not actually occur. True It is possible for a mix up to occur between fictitious and factual information. True One way to enhance deep processing is to make the information personal. True The misinformation effect occurs when people incorrectly recall an event they’ve witnessed due to misleading information about the event. True What is the unconditioned stimulus in this example?An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that leads to an automatic response. In Pavlov's experiment, the food was the unconditioned stimulus. An unconditioned response is an automatic response to a stimulus. The dogs salivating for food is the unconditioned response in Pavlov's experiment.
What are examples of unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned responses?1 For example, if the smell of food is the unconditioned stimulus, the feeling of hunger in response to the smell of food is the unconditioned response.
What are some examples of unconditioned responses?Anytime you have an involuntary, unlearned response to a stimulus, it is an unconditioned response. Some examples include: Jumping when you hear a loud noise. Puckering your mouth when you eat something sour.
What are the two types of unconditioned stimulus?Two kinds of unconditioned stimuli are apetative and aversive.
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In this scenario, what is the unconditioned stimulus for the vervent monkey’s behavior?
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