How will a router handle static routing differently if Cisco Express Forwarding is disabled

and Wireless Essentials

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CCNA 2: Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials (Version 7)

– SRWE Final Exam Answers

1. Refer to the exhibit. What will router R1 do with a packet that has a destination IPv address of 2001:db8:cafe:5::1?

▪ forward the packet out GigabitEthernet0/ ▪ drop the packet ▪ forward the packet out GigabitEthernet0/ ▪ forward the packet out Serial0/0/

Explanation: The route ::/0 is the compressed form of the 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/0 default route. The default route is used if a more specific route is not found in the routing table.

1. Refer to the exhibit. Currently router R1 uses an EIGRP route learned from Branch to reach the 10.10.0/16 network. Which floating static route would create a backup route to the 10.10.0/16 network in the event that the link between R1 and Branch goes down?

▪ ip route 10.10.0 255.255.0 Serial 0/0/0 100 ▪ ip route 10.10.0 255.255.0 209.165.200 100 ▪ ip route 10.10.0 255.255.0 209.165.200 100 ▪ ip route 10.10.0 255.255.0 209.165.200 50

Explanation: A floating static route needs to have an administrative distance that is greater than the administrative distance of the active route in the routing table. Router R1 is using an EIGRP route which has an administrative distance of 90 to reach the

CCNA 2 v7 Switching Routing and Wireless Essentials-Version-Final-Answers-

▪ ipv6 route 2001:db8:12:10::/64 S0/0/ ▪ ipv6 route 2001:db8:12:10::/64 S0/0/1 fe80:: ▪ ipv6 route 2001:db8:12:10::/64 S0/0/0 fe80:: ▪ ipv6 route 2001:db8:12:10::/64 S0/0/1 2001:db8:12:10::

1. What is a method to launch a VLAN hopping attack?

▪ introducing a rogue switch and enabling trunking ▪ sending spoofed native VLAN information ▪ sending spoofed IP addresses from the attacking host ▪ flooding the switch with MAC addresses

1. A cybersecurity analyst is using the macof tool to evaluate configurations of switches deployed in the backbone network of an organization. Which type of LAN attack is the analyst targeting during this evaluation?

▪ VLAN hopping ▪ DHCP spoofing ▪ MAC address table overflow ▪ VLAN double-tagging

Explanation: Macof is a network attack tool and is mainly used to flood LAN switches with MAC addresses.

1. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is configuring a router as a DHCPv server. The administrator issues a show ipv6 dhcp pool command to verify the configuration. Which statement explains the reason that the number of active clients is 0?

▪ The default gateway address is not provided in the pool. ▪ No clients have communicated with the DHCPv6 server yet. ▪ The IPv6 DHCP pool configuration has no IPv6 address range specified. ▪ The state is not maintained by the DHCPv6 server under stateless DHCPv operation.

Explain: Under the stateless DHCPv6 configuration, indicated by the command ipv6 nd other- config-flag, the DHCPv6 server does not maintain the state information, because client IPv6 addresses are not managed by the DHCP server. Because the clients will configure their IPv6 addresses by combining the prefix/prefix-length and a self- generated interface ID, the ipv6 dhcp pool configuration does not need to specify the valid IPv6 address range. And because clients will use the link-local address of the router interface as the default gateway address, the default gateway address is not necessary.

1. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator configured routers R1 and R2 as part of HSRP group 1. After the routers have been reloaded, a user on Host1 complained of lack of connectivity to the Internet The network administrator issued the show standby brief command on both routers to verify the HSRP operations. In addition, the administrator observed the ARP table on Host1. Which entry should be seen in the ARP table on Host1 in order to gain connectivity to the Internet?

Match the forwarding characteristic to its type. (Not all options are used.)

1. Which statement is correct about how a Layer 2 switch determines how to forward frames?

▪ Frame forwarding decisions are based on MAC address and port mappings in the CAM table. ▪ Only frames with a broadcast destination address are forwarded out all active switch ports. ▪ Unicast frames are always forwarded regardless of the destination MAC address. ▪ Cut-through frame forwarding ensures that invalid frames are always dropped.

Explanation: Cut-through frame forwarding reads up to only the first 22 bytes of a frame, which excludes the frame check sequence and thus invalid frames may be forwarded. In addition to broadcast frames, frames with a destination MAC address that is not in the CAM are also flooded out all active ports. Unicast frames are not always forwarded. Received frames with a destination MAC address that is associated with the switch port on which it is received are not forwarded because the destination exists on the network segment connected to that port.

1. Which statement describes a result after multiple Cisco LAN switches are

interconnected?

▪ The broadcast domain expands to all switches. ▪ One collision domain exists per switch. ▪ There is one broadcast domain and one collision domain per switch. ▪ Frame collisions increase on the segments connecting the switches. ▪ Unicast frames are always forwarded regardless of the destination MAC address.

Explanation: In Cisco LAN switches, the microsegmentation makes it possible for each port to represent a separate segment and thus each switch port represents a separate collision domain. This fact will not change when multiple switches are interconnected. However, LAN switches do not filter broadcast frames. A broadcast frame is flooded to all ports. Interconnected switches form one big broadcast domain.

1. Match the link state to the interface and protocol status. (Not all options are used.)

14 to the exhibit. How is a frame sent from PCA forwarded to PCC if the MAC address table on switch SW1 is empty?

does not automatically remove these VLANs. The vlan file must be manually deleted from flash memory and then the switch must be reloaded.

1. Match the description to the correct VLAN type. (Not all options are used.)

Explanation: A data VLAN is configured to carry user-generated traffic. A default VLAN is the VLAN where all switch ports belong after the initial boot up of a switch loading the default configuration. A native VLAN is assigned to an 802 trunk port, and untagged traffic is placed on it. A management VLAN is any VLAN that is configured to access the management capabilities of a switch. An IP address and subnet mask are assigned to it, allowing the switch to be managed via HTTP, Telnet, SSH, or SNMP.

1. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has connected two switches together

using EtherChannel technology. If STP is running, what will be the end result?

▪ STP will block one of the redundant links. ▪ The switches will load balance and utilize both EtherChannels to forward packets. ▪ The resulting loop will create a broadcast storm. ▪ Both port channels will shutdown.

Explanation: Cisco switches support two protocols for negotiating a channel between two switches: LACP and PAgP. PAgP is Cisco-proprietary. In the topology shown, the switches are connected to each other using redundant links. By default, STP is enabled on switch devices. STP will block redundant links to prevent loops.

1. What is a secure configuration option for remote access to a network device?

▪ Configure an ACL and apply it to the VTY lines. ▪ Configure 802. ▪ Configure SSH. ▪ Configure Telnet.

1. Which wireless encryption method is the most secure?

▪ WPA2 with AES ▪ WPA2 with TKIP ▪ WEP ▪ WPA

1. After attaching four PCs to the switch ports, configuring the SSID and setting authentication properties for a small office network, a technician successfully tests the connectivity of all PCs that are connected to the switch and WLAN. A firewall is then configured on the device prior to connecting it to the Internet. What type of network device includes all of the described features?

▪ firewall appliance ▪ wireless router ▪ switch

CCNA 2 v7 Switching Routing and Wireless Essentials-Version-Final-Answers-

▪ Packets that are received from the Internet will be forwarded to one of the LANs connected to R1 or R2. ▪ Packets with a destination network that is not 10.10.0/16 or is not 10.20.0/16 or is not a directly connected network will be forwarded to the Internet. ▪ Packets from the 10.10.0/16 network will be forwarded to network 10.20.0/16, and packets from the 10.20.0/16 network will be forwarded to network 10.10.0/16. ▪ Packets that are destined for networks that are not in the routing table of HQ will be dropped.

1. What protocol or technology disables redundant paths to eliminate Layer 2 loops?

▪ VTP ▪ STP ▪ EtherChannel ▪ DTP

1. Refer to the exhibit. Based on the exhibited configuration and output, why is VLAN 99 missing?

CCNA 2 v7 Switching Routing and Wireless Essentials-Version-Final-Answers-

▪ because VLAN 99 is not a valid management VLAN ▪ because there is a cabling problem on VLAN 99 ▪ because VLAN 1 is up and there can only be one management VLAN on the switch ▪ because VLAN 99 has not yet been created

1. Which two VTP modes allow for the creation, modification, and deletion of VLANs on the local switch? (Choose two.)

▪ client ▪ master ▪ distribution ▪ slave ▪ server ▪ transparent

1. Which three steps should be taken before moving a Cisco switch to a new VTP management domain? (Choose three.)

▪ Configure the switch with the name of the new management domain. ▪ Reset the VTP counters to allow the switch to synchronize with the other switches in the domain. ▪ Configure the VTP server in the domain to recognize the BID of the new switch. ▪ Download the VTP database from the VTP server in the new domain. ▪ Select the correct VTP mode and version. ▪ Reboot the switch.

▪ fa0/ ▪ fa0/ ▪ fa0/

1. How will a router handle static routing differently if Cisco Express Forwarding is disabled?

▪ It will not perform recursive lookups. ▪ Ethernet multiaccess interfaces will require fully specified static routes to avoid routing inconsistencies. ▪ Static routes that use an exit interface will be unnecessary. ▪ Serial point-to-point interfaces will require fully specified static routes to avoid routing inconsistencies.

Explanation: In most platforms running IOS 12 or later, Cisco Express Forwarding is enabled by default. Cisco Express Forwarding eliminates the need for the recursive lookup. If Cisco Express Forwarding is disabled, multiaccess network interfaces require fully specified static routes in order to avoid inconsistencies in their routing tables. Point- to-point interfaces do not have this problem, because multiple end points are not present. With or without Cisco Express Forwarding enabled, using an exit interface when configuring a static route is a viable option.

1. Compared with dynamic routes, what are two advantages of using static routes on a router? (Choose two.)

▪ They improve network security. ▪ They take less time to converge when the network topology changes. ▪ They improve the efficiency of discovering neighboring networks. ▪ They use fewer router resources.

Explanation: Static routes are manually configured on a router. Static routes are not automatically updated and must be manually reconfigured if the network topology changes. Thus static routing improves network security because it does not make route updates among neighboring routers. Static routes also improve resource efficiency by using less bandwidth, and no CPU cycles are used to calculate and communicate routes.

1. Refer to the exhibit. Which route was configured as a static route to a specific network using the next-hop address?

▪ S 10.17.2/24 [1/0] via 10.16. ▪ S 0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.16. ▪ S 10.17.2/24 is directly connected, Serial 0/0/ ▪ C 10.16.2/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/

Explanation: The C in a routing table indicates an interface that is up and has an IP address assigned. The S in a routing table signifies that a route was installed using the ip route command. Two of the routing table entries shown are static routes to a specific destination (the 192.168.2 network). The entry that has the S denoting a static route and [1/0] was configured using the next-hop address. The other entry (S 192.168.2/ is directly connected, Serial 0/0/0) is a static route configured using the exit interface. The entry with the 0.0.0 route is a default static route which is used to send packets to any destination network that is not specifically listed in the routing table.

1. What is the effect of entering the spanning-tree portfast configuration command on a switch?

▪ It disables an unused port. ▪ It disables all trunk ports. ▪ It enables portfast on a specific switch interface. ▪ It checks the source L2 address in the Ethernet header against the sender L2 address in the ARP body.

1. What is the IPv6 prefix that is used for link-local addresses?

▪ FF01::/ ▪ 2001::/ ▪ FC00::/ ▪ FE80::/

Explanation: The IPv6 link-local prefix is FE80::/10 and is used to create a link-local IPv6 address on an interface.

1. Which two statements are characteristics of routed ports on a multilayer switch? (Choose two.)

▪ In a switched network, they are mostly configured between switches at the core and distribution layers. ▪ The interface vlan command has to be entered to create a VLAN on routed ports.

▪ auto ▪ default ▪ passive ▪ desirable ▪ extended ▪ on

1. A static route has been configured on a router. However, the destination network no longer exists. What should an administrator do to remove the static route from the routing table?

▪ Remove the route using the no ip route command. ▪ Change the administrative distance for that route. ▪ Change the routing metric for that route. ▪ Nothing. The static route will go away on its own.

Explanation: When the destination network specified in a static route does not exist anymore, the static route stays in the routing table until it is manually removed by using the no ip route command.

1. Refer to the exhibit. What can be concluded about the configuration shown on R1?

▪ R1 is configured as a DHCPv4 relay agent. ▪ R1 is operating as a DHCPv4 server. ▪ R1 will broadcast DHCPv4 requests on behalf of local DHCPv4 clients. ▪ R1 will send a message to a local DHCPv4 client to contact a DHCPv4 server at 10.10.10.

1. Match the step to each switch boot sequence description. (Not all options are used.)

Explanation: The steps are:

1. execute POST
2. load the boot loader from ROM
3. CPU register initializations

How will a router handle static route in differently if Cisco Express Forwarding is disabled?

What are two advantages of using static routes on a router?

What are advantages of static routing compared to dynamic routing?

How a static route is configured a Cisco router?