How do positive emotions impact problem solving research suggests that being in a good mood?

Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

CHAPTER 6—Emotion and Affect

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. In the opening of this chapter, two men’s reactions to spam e-mail were described. The fact that neither of the men were able to shrug off their annoyance to the spam illustrates the fact that ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Introduction   TYPE: Conceptual

1. Emotions are both positive and negative. Once people experience both types of emotion, they generally try to orchestrate their lives to maximize the experience of positive emotion and minimize the experience of negative emotion. This pattern illustrates that emotions provide ____. Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Introduction   TYPE: Conceptual

1. According to the text, emotions are ____, whereas moods are ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   What Is Emotion?     TYPE: Conceptual

1. In social psychology, a feeling state that is not linked to any particular event is known as a(n) ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   What Is Emotion?     TYPE: Factual

1. According to the textbook, an affect is ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   What Is Emotion?     TYPE: Factual

1. Tammy is very upset because she received a poor grade on a big English assignment. It would be most accurate to say that Tammy is experiencing a(n) ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   What Is Emotion?     TYPE: Applied

1. Madge woke up this morning feeling grouchy and annoyed. When asked why she is feeling this way, she can’t seem to come up with any particular reason. It would be most accurate to say that she is experiencing a(n) ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   What Is Emotion?     TYPE: Applied

1. Alice was attacked by a pig when she was a child, and developed a strong phobia of pigs. Whenever she sees a pig—whether on a farm, in a zoo, or even in a movie—she has a strong and immediate automatic reaction. This reaction is best classified as a(n) ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   What Is Emotion?     TYPE: Applied

1. Most researchers describe affect as ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   What Is Emotion?     TYPE: Conceptual

1. When social psychologists talk about quick and automatic reactions that are simply positive or negative (as opposed to being full-blown, complex feelings), they are talking about ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   What Is Emotion?     TYPE: Factual

1. People typically tend to form affects ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   What Is Emotion?     TYPE: Factual

1. According to the text, an affect is different than an emotion in that an affect is ____ while an emotion is ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   What Is Emotion?     TYPE: Conceptual

1. Affective reactions differ from emotions in a number of ways. For example, affective reactions tend to ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   What Is Emotion?     TYPE: Conceptual

1. Consider the following quote: “… we feel sorry because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble…”. With which of the following theories is this MOST consistent?

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Conceptual

1. A physiological reaction that entails a quickened heartbeat and more labored breathing would most likely be linked to ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Factual

1. Within social psychological research on emotion, the term “arousal” is used to refer to ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Factual

1. The so-called “facial feedback hypothesis” refers to the idea that

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Conceptual

1. Salespeople who force themselves to smile at customers all day may actually end up feeling relatively happy. This effect can be best explained by ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Applied

1. Which of the following theories of emotion inspired the facial feedback hypothesis?

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Factual

1. The James-Lange theory of emotion and the facial feedback hypothesis are similar in that they both suggest that, in emotional situations, ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Conceptual

1. Having Botox injections to one’s face will ____ one’s ability to understand other’s emotions.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Factual

NOTE: New

1. Which of the following areas of the brain is central to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Factual

1. According to the ____ theory of emotion, when people are presented with stimuli that trigger emotions, the thalamus in the brain sends two messages at the same time: one message that produces a conscious emotional experience and one message that produces a physiological response.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Conceptual

1. The area of the brain known as the thalamus is central to the ____ theory of emotion.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Factual

1. Which of the following theories of emotion suggests that people may sometimes mislabel, or relabel, their arousal as one emotion versus another?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Factual

1. Which of the following theories of emotion suggests that excitation transfer may sometimes happen?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Conceptual

1. Art has just been on a long run at the beach with his dog. When he arrives home he is still breathing hard and his heart is still racing; he is physiologically highly aroused. When a neighbor bumps into him in the hallway, Art completely freaks out and verbally attacks the neighbor. He demands: “Did you just push me? Do you have a problem, man?” It looks like Art may have misattributed his arousal (from his run to his neighbor). That is, Art’s behavior illustrates ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Applied

1. Some have suggested that, if you want a date to develop strong emotions toward you, it is a good idea to take him or her to a place that will be physiologically arousing—such as a horror movie or roller coaster. This idea is consistent with research on ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Applied

1. A famous study conducted by social psychologists Aron and Dutton, found that a female experimenter was most likely to be called by participants after they had walked across a scary, narrow bridge as opposed to after they had walked across a normal, stable bridge. This finding can be most easily explained by ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Applied

1. In a well-known study conducted by Schachter and Singer, wherein participants were injected either with a stimulant or a placebo and were then exposed to a highly emotional stimulus, it was found that participants showed the strongest emotional reactions when ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Applied

1. Research on sexual arousal indicates that the link between (a) self-reported sexual arousal and (b) physiological measures of arousal in the genitals is ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Factual

1. Research indicates that when heterosexual men watch films of homosexual men having sex with each other, the heterosexual men who are most homophobic ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Factual

1. When women with high levels of sex guilt watch erotic films, they tend to ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Factual

1. Is the physiological arousal that people have when they are emotional actually the same for all emotions? Current research suggests that ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Conceptual

1. How many basic arousal states are there?

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Factual

1. The basic arousal states are ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Factual

NOTE: New

1. Research suggests that neutral forms of arousal (e.g., arousal induced by caffeine) can generally be converted—via misattribution—into ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Conceptual

1. Suppose that you are feeling a positive emotion such as “relief” (e.g., you thought your wallet had been stolen, but realized it wasn’t) or “joy” (e.g., you just heard that your older sister had a baby). Would it be possible for that emotion to be converted into another emotion via excitation transfer?

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Conceptual

1. The term “affect balance” refers to ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

1. Someone might be a happy person because he enjoys many positive emotional experiences, or because she hardly ever feels bad emotions. What do social psychologists use to measure this level of happiness?

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

NOTE: New

1. The most complex form of happiness is ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Conceptual

1. Research on happiness and parenting indicates that couples who have children are ____ than couples who do not have children, although ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

1. Which statement is most accurate regarding the happiness levels of parents?

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

NOTE: NEW

1. What role does culture play in parenting and happiness?

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

NOTE: New

1. Research on happiness and parenting indicates that couples who have children are _____ than couples who do not have children, although _____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

1. Research on marriage, parenting, and happiness suggests that one of the happiest times in people’s lives, especially for women, is the ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

1. The factor that appears to be most strongly related to happiness is ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

1. The idea that people maintain relatively constant levels of happiness or unhappiness—regardless of what happens to them—has been referred to as ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

1. Lottery winners are no happier than anyone else a year after their big win. Similarly, people who have experienced serious physical injuries seem to “get over it” fairly well across time and return to their pre-injury level of happiness. These findings are consistent with research on ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Applied

1. Research on the so-called “hedonic treadmill” would predict that people who have received life sentences to prison would ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Applied

1. Research on the so-called “hedonic treadmill” has shown that both state lottery winners and paralysis victims ____, although paralysis victims ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Applied

1. Of the factors listed below, the strongest predictor of a person’s happiness is ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

1. Research on the objective and subjective predictors of happiness indicates that ____ has only a weak relationship to happiness, but ____ is a strong predictor of happiness.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Applied

1. Overall happiness tends to ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

NOTE: New

1. Research on “positive psychology” indicates that you may be able to increase your overall level of happiness if you sit down once or twice a week and make a list of ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Applied

1. As discussed in the text, one study conducted in 2001 examined short biographies that were written by nuns in 1930. The study found that the nuns who ____ in the biographies had lived about 10 years longer than the nuns who didn’t.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Applied

1. Research on the link between happiness and health demonstrates that ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Conceptual

1. Scores on the AIM instrument tell us ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

1. Which of the following items would be most likely to be found on the AIM instrument?

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Conceptual

1. The following people have scored high on the AIM. Taking this score into account, which one would most likely have the highest quality of life?

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Applied

1. As discussed in the text, the emotion of anger can best be classified as ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Conceptual

1. Which of the following is an example of a low arousal and pleasant emotion?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Conceptual

1. Compared to people who are sad or afraid, people who are happy or angry tend to ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Conceptual

1. An angry person is not likely to ___.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

1. In what way is anger different from contempt?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Conceptual

1. Martin is a very powerful company president. When he conducts a meeting, if he so much as frowns, the other people in the room behave so as to stop the potential conflict they see coming based on that frown. This reaction to Martin’s anger illustrates the_____aspect of anger.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Applied

1. Routinely repressing, or seeking to conceal, feelings of anger is MOST associated with an increased risk of ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

1. According to catharsis theory, ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Conceptual

1. Research on repressing versus venting anger shows that ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Conceptual

1. Rojit is extremely frustrated with his boss, Tony, who has asked him to work over the weekend to complete a big project. Rojit deals with his frustration by sneaking into the departmental lounge and surreptitiously stabbing a Voodoo doll that he has made of Tony. He then returns to his desk. According to research, will this help Rojit relieve his anger?

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Applied

1. Suppose that Natalie and her boyfriend just got into a huge argument, and Natalie went to the gym and punched a punching bag (imagining the whole time that the punching bag was her boyfriend), hoping to “let off some steam.” How much will this approach help?

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Applied

1. Research on the value of venting anger and catharsis suggests that ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

1. There are three major ways that people deal with anger: They repress it (e.g., by denying their anger), they vent it (e.g., by yelling at someone), or they try to get rid of it (e.g., by relaxing or going for a jog). Which approach is generally most successful at reducing anger?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

1. While guilt might say, ____, shame would say, ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Conceptual

1. Research on the emotions of guilt and shame suggests that, while guilt is usually ____ shame is usually ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

1. Research suggests that when people feel guilt, they usually ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

1. Which of the following emotions is most associated with seeking to do good acts, such as apologizing?

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Some Important Emotions

TYPE: Factual | Conceptual

1. Research on guilt indicates that people mainly feel guilt about ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Conceptual

1. When a person feels badly because he or she has survived a situation that has caused much suffering to others, then the person is said to be feeling ____.

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ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

1. Joe’s entire neighborhood was hit by a forest fire last year. While nearly all of the houses in the neighborhood were burnt to a crisp, Joe’s house was miraculously spared and left fully intact. If Joe was like most people, he would nonetheless feel very badly that he came out of the fire alright while others suffered so much. That is, he would be feeling a form of ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Applied

1. During economic recessions, when large corporations must lay off many workers, those who retain their jobs sometimes feel ____. They think: “That’s not really fair. I don’t necessarily deserve to keep my job when so many other great workers are now unemployed. I shouldn’t really still be here either…”

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Applied

1. According to the text, emotions tend—on the whole—to ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Conceptual

1. The essence of most guilt-inducing strategies is ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Applied

1. Washing one’s hands is thought to most influence which of the following emotions?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

NOTE: New

1. Anger is to ____ as disgust is to ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Conceptual

NOTE: New

1. Rozin’s research in which he presented apple juice that had been contaminated with a dead cockroach (although the roach was removed) to children and adults reveals that ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

NOTE: New

1. Who is likely to have the strongest disgust reactions?

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Applied

NOTE: New

1. Disgust has been shown to promote handwashing, avoidance of sex with risky partners, and other health-promoting behaviors. As such, disgust has been called our ___.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Conceptual

NOTE: New

1. Judgments about the moral virtue of ____ are most associated with the emotion of disgust.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Conceptual

NOTE: New

1. Positive emotions tend to be associated with ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?             TYPE: Conceptual

1. One of the best things to do if you want to feel good and avoid emotional distress is to ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?             TYPE: Conceptual

1. For which group(s) is there a strong association between overeating and being in a bad mood?

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?                      TYPE: Factual

1. Research shows that there is often a strong association between feeling negative emotions and overeating. However, this association does NOT occur ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?                      TYPE: Factual

1. According to the text, emotions do all of the following on a consistent basis EXCEPT ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?                      TYPE: Factual

1. What theme is supported by the fact that children learn to conceal their emotions as they grow up?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?             TYPE: Conceptual

1. Bechara et al. (1997) conducted a study in which they allowed participants to draw from various decks of cards. For some decks, the cards generally signaled a “win” of a small amount of money. Other decks dealt with larger amounts but you could win or lose money. In this study, the people who lacked emotion tended to ____.

Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?             TYPE: Conceptual

1. Which of the following statements about emotions and learning is most accurate?

Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?             TYPE: Conceptual

1. According to the ____ hypothesis, people tend to evaluate things as good or bad in part by asking themselves: “How do I feel about it?”

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?             TYPE: Conceptual

1. Suppose that you get a creepy feeling every time you ride the bus at night. Even if you have never heard about anything scary happening on the bus at night, you might end up using this feeling to form a judgment that riding the bus at night is a bad thing. Forming a judgment in such a way would be consistent with ____. Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?                      TYPE: Applied

1. Even though Amanda just met Diego two minutes ago, she has a good feeling about him right off the bat. According to the ____ hypothesis, it is therefore likely that Amanda will also decide within minutes that Diego is a good person. Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?                      TYPE: Applied

1. What term is concerned with people’s ability to predict their emotional reactions to future events?

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?                      TYPE: Factual

1. Which of the following statements is an example of a person engaging in affective forecasting?

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?                      TYPE: Applied

1. Research on affective forecasting suggests that, when people are asked to predict how they would feel if they lost their jobs, they ____.

Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?                      TYPE: Applied

1. When asked to predict their emotional reaction to being paralyzed in a car accident, most people know that they would be upset, but tend to overestimate for how long they would be upset. Research suggests that this error may occur because ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?             TYPE: Conceptual

1. When people are asked to predict how they would feel if a certain event occurred, they are ____ at predicting which emotion they would feel. Research additionally shows that people are ____ at predicting how long they would be emotionally affected.

Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?                      TYPE: Factual

1. The emotion of disgust is most likely to make you willing to ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?             TYPE: Conceptual

1. Sadness is likely to ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?             TYPE: Conceptual

1. Lerner, Small, and Loewenstein (2004) conducted a study on ____.

Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?                      TYPE: Factual

1. Which of the following emotions has been referred to as “the shadow of intelligence”?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?             TYPE: Conceptual

1. What is most accurate about the emotion of anxiety?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?             TYPE: Conceptual

1. The risk-as-feelings hypothesis states that ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?                      TYPE: Factual

1. The risk-as-feelings hypothesis suggests that ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?             TYPE: Conceptual

1. Suppose that it is Friday night, that Xavier and her friends have been out at a party, and that they are now heading home. Suppose also that Xavier has had a little bit to drink, but not a lot. Is it safe for her to drive home or should she call a cab instead? How will she decide what to do? According to the risk-as-feelings hypothesis, ____.

Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?                      TYPE: Applied

1. Broadly speaking, in considering the link between emotions and decision-making, it appears that anticipated emotions tend to ____ decision-making, while current emotional states tend to ____ decision-making.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?             TYPE: Conceptual

1. Compared to negative emotions, there are ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?             TYPE: Conceptual

1. The broaden-and-build theory is an explanation for ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?                      TYPE: Factual

1. One theory suggests that positive emotions function to buffer people against future “hard times” by expanding people’s current attention and mind-set (e.g., making them relatively creative, exploratory, and adventurous). This theory is known as ____.

Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?                      TYPE: Factual

1. David has been in a joyful mood all month. According to the broaden-and-build hypothesis of positive emotions, ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?                      TYPE: Applied

1. One study found that physicians who were given candy were faster and more accurate in diagnosing a case study than physicians who weren’t given candy. Additional research suggests that these results can best be explained by the idea that ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?                      TYPE: Applied

1. How do positive emotions impact problem-solving? Research suggests that being in a good mood ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?                      TYPE: Factual

1. Researcher Paul Ekman and his colleagues have suggested that there are six basic emotions. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

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ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Group Differences in Emotion         TYPE: Factual

1. Compared to white Americans, Asian Americans tend to ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Group Differences in Emotion         TYPE: Factual

1. A Duchenne smile is best described as a(n) ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Group Differences in Emotion         TYPE: Factual

1. In which of the following situations would you be most likely to have a Duchenne smile on your face?

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Group Differences in Emotion         TYPE: Applied

1. Paul Ekman’s cross-cultural research on emotion and facial expressions has been criticized on the grounds that ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Group Differences in Emotion         TYPE: Factual

1. Asian Americans differ from European Americans in emotional expression in ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Group Differences in Emotion         TYPE: Factual

1. Which of the following statements summarizes Russell’s position on Ekman’s research on facial expression cross-culturally?

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Group Differences in Emotion

TYPE: Conceptual

1. Research on gender differences in emotions has found that ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Group Differences in Emotion         TYPE: Factual

1. A good deal of research has examined whether men and women differ in terms of the strength of their emotional reactions. What has this research found?

Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Group Differences in Emotion         TYPE: Factual

1. Research on gender differences in emotion suggests that _____ may be slightly more emotional, and _____ may be relatively more willing to report and discuss their feelings.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Group Differences in Emotion         TYPE: Factual

1. Research on gender differences in the experience of love suggests that, compared to women, men ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Group Differences in Emotion         TYPE: Factual

1. A good deal of research has examined whether men and women differ in terms of how they experience emotions. This research clearly suggests that the stereotype of ____ is incorrect.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Group Differences in Emotion

TYPE: Conceptual

1. Research on gender differences in empathy suggests that _____ in accurately understanding the emotional states of others.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Group Differences in Emotion         TYPE: Factual

1. The Yerkes-Dodson law addresses ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Arousal, Attention, and Performance

TYPE: Conceptual

1. According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, the relationship between arousal and performance can be described by a(n) ____.

Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Arousal, Attention, and Performance

TYPE: Conceptual

1. When people are extremely aroused, their work performance often suffers. Research suggests that this is likely because extremely aroused people ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Arousal, Attention, and Performance

TYPE: Conceptual

1. Extreme stress negatively impacts people’s judgment and performance because it leads people to ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Arousal, Attention, and Performance

TYPE: Conceptual

1. In recent years, there have been a number of cases where police officers have shot innocent, unarmed citizens. For example, not long ago, an officer of the LAPD shot a thirteen-year-old boy who was driving a car; the officer later stated that he thought the boy was driving the car toward him as a weapon (and he also stated that he did not register certain major facts of the situation that would have convinced him otherwise). While the officer’s behavior is in no way excusable, does his account line up with what we know about how stress affects behavior?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Arousal, Attention, and Performance           TYPE: Applied

1. According to the textbook, emotional intelligence can be denoted as ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Emotional Intelligence (EI or EQ)    TYPE: Factual

1. The concept of emotional intelligence has to do with one’s ability ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Emotional Intelligence (EI or EQ)

TYPE: Conceptual

1. Daniel Goleman equates ____ with maturity and character.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Emotional Intelligence (EI or EQ)    TYPE: Factual

1. Marcus is talking to his sister on the phone. He senses, accurately, that she is feeling pressured and needs to go. Marcus often has experiences where he is able to accurately identify what the other person is feeling. He would probably score high on the ____ branch on a test of emotional intelligence.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Emotional Intelligence (EI or EQ)    TYPE: Applied

1. If you are able to predict future emotions accurately, you probably would score high on the ____ branch of an emotional intelligence test.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Emotional Intelligence (EI or EQ)    TYPE: Applied

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1. The notion of emotional intelligence was popularized by the writings of ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Emotional Intelligence (EI or EQ)    TYPE: Factual

1. People use many strategies to try to regulate affect and stay in a good mood. While the data are very complex, research suggests that one of the most effective strategies is ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Affect Regulation                TYPE: Factual

1. Research suggests that people often seek to cultivate neutral moods (rather than positive or negative moods) when they are about to interact with ____.

Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Affect Regulation     TYPE: Factual

1. Compared to men, women are more likely to ____ when feeling depressed.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Affect Regulation     TYPE: Factual

1. One explanation for the fact that women have higher rates of depression than men is that, when feeling depressed, women ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Affect Regulation     TYPE: Factual

1. Which of the following statements summarizes your text’s conclusions about affective regulation?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Affect Regulation     TYPE: Conceptual

1. Research indicates that most non-human animals ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   What Makes Us Human? Putting the Cultural Animal in Perspective    TYPE: Factual

1. Research indicates that MOST non-human animals ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   What Makes Us Human? Putting the Cultural Animal in Perspective    TYPE: Factual

TRUE/FALSE

1. Compared to affects, emotions tend to be relatively simple and automatic.

ANS:  F                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   What Is Emotion?     TYPE: Conceptual

1. Men who are high in homophobia tend to exhibit more genital arousal than men who are low in homophobia when watching films of men having sex with one another.

ANS:  T                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Emotional Arousal    TYPE: Factual

1. The term “affect balance” refers to the degree to which a person’s affects are stable, or consistent, across time.

ANS:  F                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

1. Contrary to what many people think, married couples generally believe (prior to having any children) that having children will make them less happy.

ANS:  F                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

1. How one feels about one’s health (how satisfied one is with one’s health) is a stronger predictor of happiness than is one’s actual level of health. Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:  T                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

1. Future artists are more likely to score high on the AIM instrument than future scientists.

ANS:  T                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

1. Research suggests that venting one’s anger is a positive way to reduce anger.

ANS:  F                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Factual

1. Anger tends to lead to rejection and social exclusion of the person at whom you are angry.

ANS:  F                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Some Important Emotions    TYPE: Conceptual

1. Positive emotions are linked to forming social bonds and negative emotions are linked to breaking social bonds. Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:  T                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?

TYPE: Conceptual

1. Anya is trying to predict how upset she would be if she got into a car accident and her car was completely totaled. Psychologists would say that Anya is engaging in affective forecasting.

ANS:  T                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?                      TYPE: Applied

1. The emotion of disgust tends to make people lower their selling price and lower what they would pay for an object.

ANS:  T                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?

TYPE: Conceptual

1. Research suggest that people are speedier and more accurate at problem-solving when they are in negative moods as opposed to positive moods. Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:  F                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions                        TYPE: Factual

1. Research indicates that men may actually be innately more emotional (i.e., experience emotions more strongly) as compared to women.

ANS:  T                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Group Differences in Emotion         TYPE: Factual

1. Sherrill is really good at affective forecasting. She probably will also score high on the Managing Emotions branch of an emotional intelligence measure.

ANS:  T                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Emotional Intelligence (EI or EQ)    TYPE: Applied

1. It is more or less always the case that affect regulation is aimed at “feeling better right now.”

ANS:  F                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Affect Regulation     TYPE: Conceptual

COMPLETION

1. A feeling state that is not clearly linked to any particular event is known as a(n) ____________________.

ANS:  mood

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   What Is Emotion?                           TYPE: Factual

1. According to the ____________________ theory of emotion, “we feel sorry because we cry, angry because we strike, [and] afraid because we tremble.” Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:  James-Lange

James Lange

DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Emotional Arousal                          TYPE: Conceptual

1. Tim drinks an extra large cappuccino just before leaving work and drives home fully pumped with caffeine. While driving, he gets cut off by another car. Tim becomes extremely angry at the other driver—far angrier than usual. This is because he misinterprets the arousal that he is feeling from the caffeine as anger that he is feeling toward the other driver. That is, he engages in the process of ____________________.

ANS:  excitation transfer

DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Emotional Arousal                          TYPE: Applied

1. The term ____________________ is used to refer to the frequency of one’s positive emotions minus the frequency of one’s negative emotions. Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:  affect balance

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   Some Important Emotions              TYPE: Factual

1. The idea that people remain at about the same level of happiness across time—regardless of what happens to them—is known as the ____________________.

ANS:  hedonic treadmill

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   Some Important Emotions              TYPE: Factual

1. The ability of people to feel varying ranges of intensity in emotional experiences is measured by the____________________.

ANS:  AIM

Affect Intensity Measure

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   Some Important Emotions              TYPE: Factual

1. Emotions can be sorted, or classified, along two basic dimensions: (1) unpleasant versus pleasant, and (2) ____________________. Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:  high versus low arousal

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   Some Important Emotions              TYPE: Conceptual

1. Anger may be important in two evolutionary senses. First, it is action-motivating. Secondly, it is____________________.

Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:  conflict-defusing

conflict defusing

DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Some Important Emotions              TYPE: Conceptual

1. Emotions are inner processes that help promote ____________________ relations.

ANS:  interpersonal

DIF:    Easy               REF:   Some Important Emotions              TYPE: Conceptual

1. DeeDee is trying to decide if a job offer she has just received is a good or bad offer. I just don’t feel good about it, she thinks. Based on this feeling, DeeDee decides it is a bad offer. DeeDee’s decision process is consistent with the ____________________ hypothesis.

ANS:  affect-as-information

affect as information

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?         TYPE: Applied          NOTE: New

1. The feeling of ____________________ will lead a person to lower a selling price and increase a payment price.

ANS:  sadness

DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?         TYPE: Conceptual

1. According to the ____________________ law, the relationship between arousal and performance is best described by an inverted U-shaped curve; arousal helps performance up to a point, but too much arousal hurts performance.

ANS:  Yerkes-Dodson

Yerkes Dodson

DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Arousal, Attention, and Performance                   TYPE: Conceptual

1. The ability to perceive, access and generate, understand, and reflectively regulate emotions is known as ____________________.

ANS:  emotional intelligence

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   Emotional Intelligence (EI or EQ)   TYPE: Factual

1. The scale to measure the four branches of emotional intelligence is called the ____________________.

ANS:  Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT)

MSCEIT

Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test

Mayer Salovey Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   Emotional Intelligence (EI or EQ)   TYPE: Factual                        NOTE: New

1. Supposed that Natalie has to go to the hospital today to visit her cousin. He has a number of medical problems and has been in a depressed slump for months. Natalie is sort of dreading seeing him. In anticipation of the visit, before leaving the house, Natalie is therefore likely to engage in affect regulation by putting herself in a(n) ____________________ mood. Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:  positive

good

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   Affect Regulation     TYPE: Applied

ESSAY

1. Explain the difference between the following terms: emotion, mood, and affect. Why do scientists NOT use them interchangeably?

ANS:

DIF:    Easy               REF:   What Is Emotion?                           TYPE: Conceptual

1. Briefly compare and contrast the three major theories of how emotion works: the James-Lange theory, the Cannon-Bard theory, and the Schachter-Singer theory (as well as its attendant notion of misattribution of arousal).

ANS:

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   Emotional Arousal                          TYPE: Conceptual

1. Explain what the objective roots of happiness are based on current research described in your text. Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   Some Important Emotions              TYPE: Conceptual

1. While most of the time the emotion of anger appears to be destructive and antisocial, there is a case to be made that anger can be helpful to oneself and others. Explain. Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:

DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Some Important Emotions              TYPE: Conceptual

1. How does disgust act as a behavioral immune system?

ANS:

Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   Some Important Emotions              TYPE: Conceptual     NOTE: New

1. Briefly describe the different ways in which emotions can improve or hinder judgments, decision-making, and performance. When and why are they helpful and when and why are they harmful?

ANS:

Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Why Do We Have Emotions?         TYPE: Conceptual

1. Are women more emotional than men? Discuss the current research on this topic. In what areas are men and women similar and in what areas are they different? What are the general conclusions from this body of research? Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:

Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   Group Differences in Emotion       TYPE: Conceptual

1. Describe how the arousal associated with emotion influences performance.

ANS:

DIF:    Easy               REF:   Arousal, Attention, and Performance                   TYPE: Conceptual

NOTE: New

1. Describe the branches, or dimensions, of emotional intelligence.

ANS:

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   Emotional Intelligence (EI or EQ)   TYPE: Conceptual

NOTE: New

1. Discuss the various methods that people use to regulate their emotions. Which of these are relatively effective, and which are relatively ineffective? Do men and women tend to use different strategies? Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

ANS:

Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Essay Assignment.

Do positive emotions improve problem solving skills?

How do emotions positively influence critical thinking?

What effects do positive emotions have on us?

When people experience positive emotions positive psychological functioning?