Formulate one qualitative research title based on the problem perceived in the illustration below

Practical Research 1

Quarter 3 – Module 5:

The Research Problem and the

Research Title

Practical Research 1 – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 3 – Module 5: The Research Title and the Research Problem First Edition, 2020

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SENIOR HS MODULE DEVELOPMENT TEAM

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####### Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

####### What I Need to Know

This module is designed and written to help you in determining a potential problem and its possible research title in conducting a research project relevant to your daily encounters and observations.

At the end of the module, you are expected to:

1. design a research project related to daily life; and
2. write a research title.

####### Lesson

1

The Research Problem and

the Research Title

You may probably observe that you are living in a society where random changes occur. In a similar way, you may also see that problems are everywhere – from hearing news in a television or seeing timely posted issues in a social media site up to your daily common struggles as a student such as a feeling of difficulty in answering a test or difficulty in transportation going to school and the like. With such circumstances, we may say that this is how the society where we are living is designed to – we constantly deal with these inevitable problems by conducting researches and studies in order to find relevant solutions resulting in a change for improvement.

Now that you have acquired some basic knowledge of Research as a discipline, it is time for you to step forward by initiating a self-observation of the happenings in the community where you belong. Your journey in Research continues by looking for a problem appropriate to your needs, interests, and understanding towards the issue. Hence, in this part of the module, you will be provided with additional knowledge on how to design a research project as well as its possible research title relevant to your daily experiences.

####### What’s In

Write Agree if the given statement describes the qualitative research and Disagree if not. Write your answers on your notebook.

1. Hannah conducts a study which focuses on the daily life experiences of students with dyslexia.

2. To identify the participants of the study, Joshua simply employs random selection technique.

3. In order to solicit responses from the participants, Patricia utilizes the interview guide as her research instrument.

4. Since the study of Kyle aims to understand the culture of the indigenous people, he then decides to immerse in their community for certain months.

5. Clarisse employs an inductive approach in the conduct of her study.

6. The study of Gerald aims to identify the significant relationship between the reading habits and the level of reading comprehension skills of the Grade 11 students.

7. To gather the data needed for the study, Paul utilizes an objective type of survey.

8. To study the challenges faced by the COVID-19 patients in the province of Bataan, Nelson interviews 15 COVID-19 survivors as his research participants.

9. To analyze the gathered data, Oscar employs statistical formula.

10. Michelle carefully observes the emerging themes from the responses she gathered from the interview to answer her research questions.

11. What is common among the four students? a. They are all school athletes. b. They are all working students. c. They are all taking academic tracks. d. They are all leaders of school organizations.

3. Why are they called the Masigasig Fantastic Four? a. because they are hardworking b. because they are all great leaders c. because they are passive students d. because they always represent their school in academic contests

1. What do you think can be the possible common struggle faced by the students in the selection? a. lack of focus b. disrupted study habit c. time management issue d. all of the above

2. If you will formulate a research title based on the selection, what would be its possible focus? a. life of honor students b. life of student-athletes c. life of working students d. life of struggling readers

As depicted from the scenario presented in the reading selection, students at their age can also face different struggles. This further implies that nobody is exempted, that is, problems which may be represented as a challenge or a difficulty can be possibly encountered by anyone. Now, as a senior high school student, it is undeniable that you are encountering problems as well. Perhaps, you may also relate yourself with the situations of the characters from the selection whose problem may arise from issues and concerns regarding time management, study habit, motivation, and the like which later can affect the academic performance.

As a starting student-researcher, you must remember that a situation that brings you a feeling of discomfort or something that you find as challenging and difficult can be considered as a source of problem. Such a problem may later help you to design your study which primary aims are to investigate, explore, and understand the phenomenon. The findings then can be used to suggest what potential solution may address the problem.

In this module, you will explore the other sources of a research problem aside from a situation that brings you discomfort. Moreover, you will also be informed of other considerations in the selection of a research problem as well as in the formulation of its possible research title. This phase of your research journey is really important. You must first secure your problem before you can possibly conduct a study.

The Research Problem

In starting with a research project, the researcher must have a clear problem in mind. Basically, a research problem refers to a statement that promptly suggests for conducting an investigation. Moreover, a research problem to be designed must deal with some concerns in a particular field that may need an improvement or a solution. The researcher must also observe gaps in existing scholarly literature, theories, and practices in order to come up with a good and relevant research problem. This designed problem then will serve as a guide to know what kind of research study will be most suitable to address the perceived concern.

Sources of Research Problem

There is a need for a socially relevant problem when the researcher will attempt to conduct a study. Hence, it is said that identifying and designing a research problem is quite a challenging task.

c. Support of the academic community. The academic community, which consists of administrators, teachers, staff, students, and parents, should be considered by the researcher in what particular problem will be investigated. Each member plays a vital role in the conduct of the study. Hence, the research problem should be clearly perceived as beneficial once it is subjected for investigation. In addition, securing permission among the said members must be done before conducting the actual data collection procedure.

d. Availability and adequacy of facilities and equipment. Necessary common devices such as computers and telephones which will be used in undertaking a study should be considered. Likewise, other needed materials required by the research problem should be checked if they are available and sufficient.

e. Ethical considerations. A research problem, when is subjected to a study, must not pose any unethical demands most especially on the part of the research participants.

1. Internal Criteria

a. Qualifications of the researcher. These pertain to the expertise of the researcher to the problem. It is important to the researcher that he/she has enough knowledge and training when the research problem is subjected to further investigation so as to ensure the success of the undertaking.

b. Motivation and interest of the researcher. The research problem which is in the interest of the researcher may give him/her satisfaction and enjoyment. Hence, completion of the research tasks will be efficiently attained.

c. Time factor. A research problem, when is subjected to a study, should suggest to be time-efficient. With this, the undertaking will be possibly accomplished in a given time frame.

d. Costs and returns. It is also important that the researcher should consider a research problem which suggests to be cost-efficient. When it is subjected to a study, it must not be a sort of an expensive undertaking.

e. Hazards and handicaps. This means that a research problem should not put the researcher in danger. The proposed study should be safe not only to the participants but moreover to the researcher himself/herself. Physical and mental health of the researcher must always be considered.

Research Title

Once the researcher has already had a problem that will be subjected for a study, he/she may now begin formulating a good research title that will best represent the problem and the study itself in general. As cited from Sacred Heart University Library

(2020), a research title should help the readers to see the main idea as well as the summary of the whole study. Further, it usually contains fewest possible words that can bring understanding of the content and the purpose of the study among the readers.

Characteristics of a Research Title

As commonly observed, a research title is the first one to be read before proceeding to the other parts of the research paper. Hence, it is really important to know for the researcher what makes a research title an effective one in order to capture the interest of the readers towards the problem to be investigated. Here are some of the characteristics of a research title that the researcher should put into considerations:

1. It should be limited only to substantive words with high consideration to the key variables such as the phenomenon under investigation, the participants, and the setting of the study.

2. It should use words that can create a positive impression among the readers. Avoid using abbreviations as well as some word constructions such as: “method,” “result,” and “investigation.”

3. It should be in the form of a phrase with correct use of capitalization, that is, the first letter appeared in the title as well as the first letter of each noun word should be capitalized.

4. It should be concise by adequately implying the participants and the coverage of the study.

In addition, a researcher may also put a subtitle which is commonly employed in social science research papers. This subtitle may be done: (1) to state the scope, context, and theory under investigation; and (2) to provide a substantive and appealing literary title.

Examples of Qualitative Research Title

Similar with all other parts of a research paper, the title must be carefully formulated. Other existing research titles may serve as a basis especially for beginning researchers. Below are the examples of title in qualitative research:

1. The ‘Need to Transcend’: A Phenomenological Study on the Lived Experiences of Millennial Teachers (Lacdo-O et al., 2018)

2. The Educated Citizen: Cultural and Gender Capital in the Schooling of Aetas’ Children in the Municipality of Janiuay (Moralista & Delariarte, 2014)

Write Yes if the given situation from each item indicates good practice in the selection of the problem or in the formulation of the title and No if not. Write your answers on your notebook.

1. Harold conducts a study which has already been done in his school with similar objective and participants.

2. Jessica pursues her study because she observes that there are existing research gaps in her field of interest.

3. Gerald plans to consult the SPED teachers in his community in order to know the focus of his study regarding the life of SPED students.

4. Joana secures the approval of the school administrator before subjecting her perceived problem into a study.

5. The research problem proposed by Ulysses requires more time and may exceed the target time frame when it is subjected into a study.

6. In the formulation of his research title, Willy includes only essential words and variables of the study.

7. To make her research title appears brief, April used the abbreviation of a terminology.

8. Bea capitalizes all the first letters of each word appearing in her research title.

9. Xian includes his participants and the setting of the study in his research title.

10. In order to indicate clearly the context of her study, Olivia used a subtitle.

Write the summary of your learnings by surrounding the light bulb with important ideas you acquired from the lessons. Copy and answer the illustration on your notebook.

Characteristics of a Research Title

####### Assessment

Read each statement carefully. Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Write your answers on your notebook.

1. Who is a practitioner? a. a student b. a professional c. a critically ill patient d. anyone who belongs in a community

2. Which of the following is the most efficient way to determine a research gap? a. interviewing at least a person b. immersing oneself in a community c. reading relevant literature and studies d. synthesizing ideas from a day-to-day experience

3. What does “novelty” suggest? a. fairness b. newness c. conciseness d. completeness

4. What criterion in the selection of research problem emphasizes the security and safety among the participants? a. novelty b. time factor c. ethical considerations d. availability of equipment

5. Which of the following is an external criterion in the selection of the research problem? a. time factor b. costs and returns c. availability of subjects d. interest of the researcher

6. Which of the following is not an internal criterion in the selection of the research problem? a. time factor b. costs and returns c. qualification of the researcher d. support of the academic community

7. What does “substantive” mean? a. important b. subjective c. interesting d. researchable

8. Which of the following should be avoided in the formulation of a research title? a. subtitle b. key variables c. incomplete sentence d. abbreviation of terms

9. Which of the following should always be capitalized in a research title? a. first letter of a noun b. first letter of an article c. first letter of an adjective d. first letter of a preposition

10. What is not indicated from the given research title below? “Maninindigan ako”: A Phenomenological Study of the Lived Experiences of Single Parents a. setting b. method c. participant d. main variable

How do you write a qualitative research title?

What type of issue is addressed by qualitative research?