Diabetes Mellitus describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by Quizlet

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Diabetes mellitus describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by _____________ and _______________, and is caused by ____________

evelated blood glucose;
Disordered insulin metabolism;
unrestrained blood glucose.

Because no glucose enters the cell in ____________ diabetes, the metabolic consequences are more severe than in ___________ diabetes. _______________ is often the first sign.

Type I;
Type 2;
Ketosis

What is the most important goal for medical and nutrition therapy for diabetes? How can the amount. distribution, and timing of carbohydrate eaten facilitate this goal? What types of carbohydrates are emphasized?

MG: maintain blood glucose levels with a desirable range;
trying to have consistent timing and evenly divided carb intake;
high fiber, minimally processed recommended

Name 4 symptoms of diabetes, including the 3 Ps.

polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia
glycouria
weight loss
blurred vision
increased infection
constant fatigue

What should the diet plan of a woman with gestational diabetes aim to do?

May need to restrict carbs to 40-50% total kcais ;
space carbs throughout the day;
regular aerobic activity;
May need insulin

Which type of diabetes is the most common, but often is undiagnosed, and occurs in people over 45? What can be done to prevent this type of diabetes?

Type 2;
maintain healthy weight, have a healthy diet etc.

Why are diabetics more prone to infection?

possible consequence of hyperglycemia- impaired circulation, depressed immune response

List 3 acute complications of diabetes and Which type of diabetes they apply to.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (Type 1)
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemia syndrome (type2)
Hypoglycemia (low BG; most frequent)

Describe precautions that must be taken by those with Type 1 diabetes engaging in an exercise program.

Check BG before and after,
Proper hydration before and during,
Appropriate footwear,
Retinopathy- avoid vigourous exercise,
Do not take insulin before exercise (will lead to hypoglycemia).
Insuline Is adjusted for exercise

Since diabetics are at greater risk for cardiovascular disease, what foods should be emphasized? What types of meats and dairy products?

Sat. fat should be <7% of total calories
Trans fat should be minimized
Cholesterol should be <200mg daily

List examples of one Carbohydrate serving.

1 slice of bread, I small potato, I medium apple, 1 cup of milk, 1/2 cup of cauliflower

What is metabolic syndrome? What are its 5 features?

A cluster of metabolic abnormalities associated with increased risk of developing CVD or Type 2 Diabetes;
Insulin resistance, obesity (central), hypertriglyceridemia, Reduced HDLs, Hypertension

Which of the following is characteristic of type 1 diabetes?
a. abdominal obesity increases risk
b. the pancreas makes little or no insulin
c. it is the predominant form of diabetes
d. it often arises during pregnancy

b

Which of the following is true about type 2 diabetes?
a. it is usually an autoimmune disease
b. the pancreas makes little or no insulin
c. diabetic ketoacidosis is a common complication
d. chronic complications may develop before it is diagnosed

b

Most chronic complications assocuared with diabetes result from:

damage to blood vessels and nerves

Long-term glycemic control is usually evaluated by:

measuring glycated hemoglobin

Regarding dietary carbohydrate, a patient with diabetes should be most concerned about:

consuming an appropriate quantity of carbohydrate at each meal or snack

Which of the following is true regarding the general use of alcohol in diabetes?
a. a serving of alcohol is considered part of the carbohydrate allowance
b. alcohol contributes to hyperglycemia and should be avoided completely
c. alcohol can cause hypoglycemia and should therefore be consumed with food if patients use insulin or medications that stimulate insulin secretion
d. patients can use alcohol in unlimited quantities unless they are pregnant

c

The most effective meal-planning strategy for managing diabetes is:

the approach that best helps the patient control blood glucose levels

A patient using intensive insulin therapy is likely to follow a regimen that involves:

multiple daily injections that supply basal insulin and precise insulin doses at each meal and snack

In a person who has previously maintained good glycemic control, hyperglycemia can be precipitated by:

infections or illness

Which dietary adjustment may be helpful for women with gestational diabetes?

restricting carbohydrate to about 30 grams at breakfast

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