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Web Urban Sociology Terms in this set (101)Classical Athens stood as a monument to ___, free citizens participation in government For all intents and purposes, large-scale industrialization began in England about __. 1750 Now a city of 12 million people, Beijing was formerly called ___. Peking Friedrich Engels spoke of which English city with these words: "...it is a city in which one can roam for hours without leaving the built-up area and without seeing the slightest sign of the approach of open country." London Gan's "Cosmopolites" are ___. usually highly educated The fastest growing urban region is ___. the suburbs The exurbs are ___. the newer ring of settlement beyond the old suburbs The height of the "Great Immigration" period took place ___. between 1880 and 1910 The fastest growing nonwhite population is ___. Hispanics The Hull House addressed the needs of immigrant women and families. Ebenezer Howard believed that the city lacked sense of freedom City planning in the industrial era was driven primarily by ___. profit Government planning of new towns is absent for the most part in ____. United States The utopian planner most associated with "arologies" is Soleri In Frank Lloyd Wright's ideal world, ___. people would pay no rent In 1871, a fire consumed 1,700 acres within 24 hours and left some 100,000 people homeless. The new city became more of a "growth machine" than ever before. The city is ___. Chicago According to political economists ____. the distribution of wealth and power are important determinants of the shape of cities. The "new urban sociology" ____. draws on Marxism According to the Central Place Theory: a. cities are able to produce goods and services more efficiently than smaller places. d.all of the above are true "Welfare capitalism" describe a market system where the government provides workers with subsidies. The fact that many industries absorbed their competitors and formed oligopolies ___. illustrates horizontal integration Vertical disintegration is linked to all but which of the following: increase in the northeastern U.S. urban population According to Logan and Molotch, urban growth coalitions focus on ways to increase profits and economic activities. In the United States, economic restructuring includes a decline in the proportion of manufacturing jobs in overall employment, and a rise in entry-level jobs for lower-skilled workers. According to Wirth, urbanism describes the distinctive lifestyle associated with the growth of cities. Wirth would argue that cities differ from small towns or rural areas by their large number of heterogeneous people, high density, and cosmopolitan lifestyle. Gans argues that Wirth's analysis of the urban lifestyle was applicable to part of the urban population Individuals in Gans's "Unmarried and Childless" category are responsible for the gentrification of urban neighborhoods. According to Gans, urban lifestyles are shaped most strongly by social position and age Recent research on homelessness found that families are the fastest growing segment of the homeless population. Claude Fischer believes that the city's ecology intensify people's subcultural characteristics The fastest growing urban region is the suburbs In 1990, approximately what proportion of the U.S. population resided in suburbs? 46% Suburban growth in the 1850s was promoted by railroads Suburban growth after World War II was promoted by people's desire to own a home, economic prosperity, and the desire to escape minority-occupied housing of the central cities. Since the 1970, suburbs have become more racially diversified The Exurbs are the newer ring of settlement beyond the old suburbs. In 1990, immigrants represented what percentage of Miami's total population? Approximately one third Since 1960, the majority of immigrants have been people of color
The process known as "chain migration" describes the idea that immigrants tend to settle near friends and relatives Throughout the 1800s , most of the U.S. black population lived in urban areas Which of the following did not contribute to black migration to the North: urban decentralization, the growth of industrial production which followed WWII, the decline for southern agriculture, and farm mechanization. urban decentralization Karl and Alma Taeuber's study shows that: segregation can be measured by an index of dissimilarity Mexican American women have a fertility rate twice as high as the non-Hispanic population Since 1965, the Chinese-American population quadrupled Female participation in the labor force was very limited among upper-and middle-class women throughout the nineteenth century Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1833 Chicago political machine focused on maintaining the quality of the central business district Gerald Suttle's study of the Addams area on Chicago's West side suggests that each ethnic or racial group claim their own territory The housing problem is characterized by:
an insufficient number of low-rent housing units, property owner's search for greater profits, and an increase in the proportion of high-rent housing units. Government intervention in housing began with the New Deal The federal housing programs of the New Deal had all but which following goal Seize decaying areas and give them to developers willing to rehabilitate them The Section 8 Program provides rent subsidies to low-income tenants Deterioration of buildings in inner-city occurs because their maintenance represents more costs than rental income warrants "Sweat Equity" allows individuals with low income to invest in a residence Gentrification has increased property values in the neighborhood where it takes place The "New Urbanism" is sometimes criticized for: the fact that it reduces the number of low-income housing units Crime rates today are highest in cities Within urban areas, crime is most concentrated in poor neighborhoods Oscar Newman found that crime rates could be reduced by improving architectural design The Inca Civilization was based in what is now Peru Anthropologists estimate that the population of native Latin Americans declined by ___ % during the sixteenth century. 95 The chief reason for the loss of life among Latin American natives in the sixteenth century was Wars with the Spanish and Portuguese colonists, and diseases imported from Europe Which of the following would be found in the plaza mayor in a Latin American colonial city? Catholic church, government offices, wealthy residences. Primate Cities developed most often countries which were or are under foreign control An argument given in the text against primate city development is that the primate city serves s a magnet for migration and constrains the development of other cities. Highly developed urban centers were present in Africa as long ago as 3000 B.C.E. Early African cities were typically: linked by trade, had narrow and winding streets, and had rich and poor living next to one another. The second wave of European colonization in Africa began in 1862 The world's oldest well-known city, Jericho, is nearly 10,000 years old The first country to colonize part of India was Portugal British sections of dual cities are typically arranged in a grid pattern, and have a railroad run through them. The People's Republic of China was established in 1949 Colonization has several common legacies. Which of the following are among these legacies economic, political, national boundaries. Latin American cities lag far behind those in Europe, Canada, and the United States because with raw material exports as their primary source of wealth, most Latin American cities never developed much of an industrial base. According to the text, in global perspective, Africa is a continent in crisis, is the least urbanized continent, has the highest rate of increase in urbanization Which of the following is NOT one of the cities of Southeast Asia: Hong Kong, Singapore, Jakarta, Bangkok Hong Kong Which of the following/are among the common problems of the cities of the developing world? spiraling populations, quality of life problems, and shanty towns Critics of modernization theory point out that Third World countries are not developing the way the West did, and Third World economic growth is slower than Western growth. According to interventionist theory, urban overpopulation can be controlled by governmental regulation to promote fewer births, government regulations to support smaller cities, residence permits. Early planning efforts were directed at all of the following excepts: to conserve natural resources. City planning in the industrial era was driven primarily by profit Alice Constance Austin wanted new towns based on communal living with kitchen-less houses New Towns have been criticized for being too small, too low density, and inflexible Government planning of new towns is absent for the most part in the United States The new town in the United Stats which has been most successful in creating racial and social class interrogation is: Columbia, Maryland Celebration, Florida, is notable for: its city plan which calls for homes to re-create the atmosphere of the per-World War II small town, a mixture of both expensive and low-cost housing, and a model school given a financial boost from the Walt Disney Company. The utopian visionaries all share all of the following features except: high population densities, financial impracticality sociological naivete, rigidity in their visions high population densities Portland is notable for being the only U.S. city with an extinct volcano, having the world's smallest park, and having the largest number of microbreweries of any U.S. city.. All of the following are true about city planning except: planners should be allowed to control all aspects of how cities are built. The image of a city, as defined by Kevin Lynch, is the generalized mental picture of the city's external physical world People form images of cities by: distinguishing between physical locations in the city, and organizing the physical locations in a meaningful way. The five common elements in urban images according to Lynch are districts, edges, landmarks, nodes, and paths Pedestrian traffic in the U.S. is characterized by all of the following except people walk blindly into traffic An urban network is interpersonal ties Elizabeth Bott found that working class spouses had a segregated marriage network while middle-class spouses had a joint one. Identifying with the city is aided by all of the above: sports teams, festivals, negative historical events. Gerald Suttles argues that the images which people have about cities are objective reality Most urban poor try to cope with the harsh realities of life through forming social networks We make sense of the city by responding to its: physical form, gesellschaft characteristics, geminschaft characteristics. We respond to the city in our own unique way, using common strategies, based on our social characteristics. 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Colonization has several common legacies. which of the following is part of its national image?
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