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Maternal Newborn Assessment 1.A nurse is performing a vaginal exam on a client who is in active labor. The nurse notes the umbilical cord protruding through the cervix. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Administer oxytocin to the client via intravenous infusion. Apply oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula. Prepare for insertion of an intrauterine pressure catheter. Assist the client into the knee-chest position. 2.A nurse is assessing a newborn who is 48 hr old and is experiencing opioid withdrawals. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? Hypotonicity Moderate tremors of the extremities Axillary temperature 36.1° C (96.9° F) Excessive sleeping 3.A nurse is reviewing a client's medical record and notes that the client is taking tamoxifen. The nurse should identify that tamoxifen is used to treat which of the following conditions? Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Endometriosis Breast cancer Polycystic ovary syndrome 4.A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving oxytocin to augment labor. The client has an intrauterine pressure catheter and an internal fetal scalp electrode for monitoring. Which of the following is an indication that the nurse should discontinue the infusion? Contraction frequency every 3 min Contraction duration of 100 seconds Fetal heart rate with moderate variability DiagnosisPlacenta previa is diagnosed through ultrasound, either during a routine prenatal appointment or after an episode of vaginal bleeding. Most cases of placenta previa are diagnosed during a second-trimester ultrasound exam. The initial diagnosis may be done with an ultrasound device on your abdomen. For more accurate images, you may also need a transvaginal ultrasound, which uses a wandlike device placed inside your vagina. Your provider will take care with the position of the device so as not to disrupt the placenta or cause bleeding. TreatmentIf placenta previa is diagnosed during a routine exam, you'll likely have more-frequent ultrasound exams to monitor any changes in the placenta. In many women diagnosed with placenta previa early in their pregnancies, the condition resolves on its own. As the uterus grows, the distance between the cervix and the placenta may increase. Also, the direction of growth of the placenta may be higher in the uterus, and the edges of placental tissue near the cervix may shrink. If placenta previa resolves, you may be able to plan for a vaginal delivery. If it doesn't resolve, you'll plan for a C-section delivery. Treatment of bleedingVaginal bleeding after 20 weeks is treated as a medical emergency. You may be admitted to the hospital's labor and delivery unit. You and your baby will be monitored, and you may need a blood transfusion to replace lost blood. If you are at 36 weeks, you'll likely have a C-section to deliver the baby. If you have extreme blood loss or there's a risk to the health of you or the baby, an emergency C-section may be needed before 36 weeks. If this was the first time you've had bleeding and the bleeding has stopped for at least 48 hours, you may be sent home from the hospital. If you continue to have episodes of heavier bleeding, your health care team may recommend that you remain in the hospital. Treatment with no bleedingWhen there's no bleeding, the treatment goal is to lower the risk of possible bleeding and to get you as close to your delivery date as possible. Your care provider will likely recommend you avoid the following:
If you are sent home from the hospital after a first bleeding episode, you'll be expected to follow these same recommendations to lower the risk of a second episode. You'll be advised to get emergency medical care if you have vaginal bleeding or contractions. Your health care provider may ask whether you have support at home that allows for transportation to a nearby hospital. Planned C-section deliveryEven if you've had no bleeding during your pregnancy due to placenta previa — or no bleeding since the first episode — you'll likely have a C-section delivery scheduled sometime between 36 and 37 weeks. If your delivery is planned before 37 weeks, your health care provider will offer you corticosteroids to help your baby's lungs develop. Coping and supportIf you're diagnosed with placenta previa, you may worry about how your condition will affect you, your baby and your family. Some of these strategies might help you cope:
Preparing for your appointmentPlacenta previa is usually diagnosed during a routine ultrasound exam or after an episode of vaginal bleeding. So you might not have time to prepare for an appointment about placenta previa as you might for typical prenatal care appointments. If you don't need immediate medical care or are being sent home after treatment for vaginal bleeding, it's important to understand the plan for ongoing care and management. Questions you may want to ask your provider after a diagnosis or at follow-up exams include:
What to expect from your doctorYour health care provider is likely to ask you a number of questions, regarding your ability to manage care at home, particularly if you've already had one bleeding episode. These include:
What are the nursing interventions for placenta previa?Placenta Previa Nursing Interventions
Instruct the patient to have bedrest and avoid environmental stressors. To avoid further bleeding, maintain blood pressure levels, improve cardiac rate, and enhance utero-placental perfusion. For high blood pressure levels, administer antihypertensives as prescribed.
What intervention should be completed for a client with placenta previa?Treatment of partial placenta previa includes bed rest, hydration, and careful monitoring of the client's bleeding.
What is the management of placenta previa?Patients diagnosed with placenta previa prior to vaginal bleeding should have multiple discussions with the OB/GYN regarding management and expectations. Patients should consent for possible blood transfusions, uterine artery embolization, and possible cesarean hysterectomy.
What should you not do with placenta previa?Many doctors recommend that women with placenta previa not have intercourse after 28 weeks of pregnancy. Do not put anything, such as tampons or douches, into your vagina. Use pads if you are bleeding, and call your doctor.
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