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IntroductionIn Guillain-Barré syndrome, the body's immune system attacks part of the peripheral nervous system. The syndrome can affect the nerves that control muscle movement as well as those that transmit pain, temperature and touch sensations. This can result in muscle weakness and loss of sensation in the legs and/or arms. It is a rare condition, and while it is more common in adults and in males, people of all ages can be affected. SymptomsSymptoms typically last a few weeks, with most individuals recovering without long-term, severe neurological complications.
CausesGuillain-Barré syndrome is often preceded by an infection. This could be a bacterial or viral infection. Guillain-Barré syndrome may also be triggered by vaccine administration or surgery. In the context of Zika virus infection, unexpected increase in cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome has been described in affected countries. The most likely explanation of available evidence from outbreaks of Zika virus infection and Guillain-Barré syndrome is that Zika virus infection is a trigger of Guillain-Barré syndrome. DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on symptoms and findings on neurological examination including diminished or loss of deep-tendon reflexes. A lumbar puncture may be done for supportive information, though should not delay treatment. Other tests, such as blood tests, to identify the underlying trigger are not required to make the diagnosis of GBS and should not delay treatment. Treatment and careThe following are recommendations for treatment and care of people with Guillain-Barré syndrome:
WHO ResponseWHO is supporting countries to manage GBS in context of Zika virus infection by:
Which assessment finding is typical for a patient with GuillainMost patients with typical GBS present with rapidly progressive bilateral leg weakness with hypo/areflexia in the affected limbs. In rare cases, patients can present with facial, oculomotor, bulbar (i.e. difficulty with swallowing and speaking) weakness, or primary sensory symptoms.
For which associated complication should a nurse monitor the client experiencing GuillainDuring the course of GBS, the nurse will need to assess and monitor the patient for respiratory infections including pneumonia. The nurse will need to assess for problems associated with immobility related to muscle weakness and paralysis.
How does GuillainGuillain-Barre syndrome often begins with tingling and weakness starting in your feet and legs and spreading to your upper body and arms. Some people notice the first symptoms in the arms or face. As Guillain-Barre syndrome progresses, muscle weakness can turn into paralysis.
What signs symptoms would the nurse expect to be manifested in a client diagnosed with GuillainThe patient's signs and symptoms in this scenario are typical with Guillain-Barré Syndrome. The syndrome tends to start in the lower extremities (with paresthesia that will progress to paralysis) and migrate upward. The respiratory system can be affected leading to respiratory failure.
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