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Introduction to Programming Chapter 04 - Terms
Decision Structure (function) | A decision structure (AKA selection structure) allows a program to perform actions only under certain conditions. |
NOT operator | Takes a Boolean expressions as its operand and reverses its logical value. |
Short-Circuit Evaluation | AND: If the expression to the left of the operand is false, right side is not checked. OR: If the expression to the left of the operand is true, right side is not checked. |
OR operator | Takes two Boolean expressions as operands and creates a compound Boolean expression that is true when either of the subexpressions is true. |
&& | AND operator |
| | | OR operator |
!. | NOT operator |
AND operator | Takes two Boolean expressions as its operand and creates a compound Boolean expression that is true only when both subexpressions are true. |
Case Structure (AKA) | Multiple Alternative Decision Structure |
Case Structure (function) | Allows you to test the value of a variable or an expression and then use that value to determine which statement or set of statements to execute. |
Decision Structure (AKA) | Selection Structures |
conditionally executed | performed only when a certain condition is true. |
Single Alternative Decision Structure | Provides only one alternative path. |
You can use Decision Statements alone to create a complete program? T/F | False |
If Clause | The program line that begins with IF |
condition | Any expression that can be evaluated as either true or false. AKA Boolean Experssion |
Boolean Expressions | Expressions that can be evaluated as either true or false. |
Relational Operator (function) | Determines whether a specific relationship exists between two values. |
Relational Operators (examples) | > < >= <= == != |
Which relationship operators test for more than one relationship? | <= >= |
== | a relational operator that determines whether the operand on its left is equal to the operand on its right. |
Why are two == used? | To differentiate between the relational operator and the assignment operator. |
Control Structure | A logical design that controls the order in which a set of statements executes. |
Dual Alternative Decision Structures | Two possible paths of execution. One path if TRUE, Another path if FALSE. |
What statement do you use in pseudocode to express dual alternative decision structure. | If - Else |
String Comparisons are case sensitive in most programming languages. T/F | True |
Nested Decision Structures | A decision structure can be nested inside another decision structure to test more than one condition. |
If - Then - Else - If statement | a simpler way logically to write a nested decision structure. |
testExpression | The first line of a case structure following Select |
Multiple Alternative Decision Structure (AKA) | Case Structure |
Multiple Alternative Decision Structure (function) | Allows you to test the value of a variable or an expression and then use that value to determine which statement or set of statements to execute. |
Logical Operators (examples) | And Or Not |
Logical Operators (function) | Allow you to create complex Boolean expressions. |
Which Logical Operator would you use to determine whether a numeric value is within a specific range or our of a specific range? | AND |
Boolean Variable | Can hold one of two values: true or false |
Which variable is commonly used as a flag? | Boolean |
What are the four types of variables we've learned so far? | Integer Real String Boolean |
pseudocode | A tool that helps programmers plan a program's logic by writing plain English statements |
flowchart | A tool that helps programmers plan a program's logic by writing program steps in diagram form, as a series of shapes connected by arrows |
sequence structure | A unit of program logic in which one step follows another unconditionally |
decision structure | A unit of program logic that involves choosing between alternative courses of action based on some value |
if statement | Used to make a single-alternative decision |
block | One or more statements contained within a pair of curly braces |
nested if | A statement in which one decision structure is contained within another |
dual-alternative decisions | Has two possible outcomes |
if-else statement | Performs a dual-alternative decision |
AND operator | Determines whether two expressions are both true; it is written using two ampersands (&&) |
short-circuit evaluation | The C# feature in which parts of an AND or OR expression are evaluated only as far as necessary to determine whether the entire expression is true or false |
OR operator | Determines whether at least one of two conditions is true; it is written using two pipes (||) |
Boolean logical AND | An operator that determines whether two expressions are both true; it is written using a single ampersand (&) ; unlike the conditional AND operator, it does not use short-circuit evaluation |
Boolean logical inclusive OR | An operator that determines whether at least one of two conditions is true; it is written using a single pipe (|) ; unlike the conditional OR operator, it does not use short-circuit evaluation |
side effect | An unintended consequence |
switch structure | A single variable against a series of exact matches |
switch | Starts a switch structure |
switch expression | A condition in a switch statement enclosed in parentheses |
case | In a switch structure is followed by one of the possible values that might equal the switch expression |
case label | Identifies a course of action in a switch structure |
break | Optionally terminates a switch structure at the end of each case |
default | Used optionally prior to any action that should occur if the test expression in a case structure does not match any case |
governing type | In a switch statement is established by the switch expression; it can be of type sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, unit, long, ulong, char, string, or enum |
enum | An enumeration , a programming defined type that declares a set of constants |
conditional operator | Used as an abbreviated version of the if-else statement; it requires three expressions separated by a question mark and a colon |
ternary | An operator that requires three arguments |
NOT operator | Uses the exclamation point (!); used to negate the result of any Boolean expression |
range check | A series of if statements that determine whether a value falls within a specified range |
What is single alternative selection?
Single alternative selection. - is a selection structure that includes an action only when an expression is true or when it is false; in other words, when action is required for only one outcome of the question.
When a program provides only one alternative path of execution it is called a?
What is a single alternative decision structure? A decision structure that provides a single alternative path of execution. If the condition that is being tested is true, the program takes the alternative path.
What is a multiple alternative decision structure?
A multiple alternative decision structure allows you to test the value of a variable or expression and then use that value to determine which statement or statements to execute. The case or switch structure is a multiple alternative decision structure.
Which structure can execute a set of statements only under certain circumstances?
Decision structure executes a set of statements under certain conditions.