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The tree is more consistent with which of the following hypotheses:
Answer: The same types of anole lizards evolved independently on each of the islands.
Although there are some exceptions, the tree shows that in general, lizards from the same island are more closely related to one another than they are to lizards with the same body type on the other island. In other words, the grass-bush anole from Puerto Rico is more closely related to the trunk-ground anole on Puerto Rico than to the grass-bush anole from Hispaniola.
Which of the following statements is supported by the evidence from the tree?
Answer: The anole species on Puerto Rico and Hispaniola evolved from a common ancestor.
All the Anolis species are more related to one another than they are to L. carinatus, which belongs to a different genus of lizards. The tree shows that all eight anole species share a common ancestor. By analyzing the DNA of over 100 anoles from Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Cuba, researchers have determined that they all trace their ancestry to a single species that colonized the Caribbean from the mainland over 20 million years ago.
Which of the following statements is supported by the evidence from the tree?
Answer: Similar adaptations evolved on different islands.
The evidence clearly shows that evolution can repeat itself; lizards that occupy similar habitats will evolve the same types of adaptations. For example, on all of the islands, lizards living in the grass and bushes have evolved slender bodies and long tails. The long tails help the lizards balance on thin, narrow surfaces.
According to Dr. Losos, the independent evolution of similar species on the different islands is an example of which of the following processes?
Answer: Convergent evolution
The evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean is an example of convergent evolution; in other words, groups of lizards independently evolved similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches.
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