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Terms in this set (36)
pore
a duct that opens externally as funnel-shaped
apocrine sweat gland
under skin in armpits and pubic regions; start secreting a more viscous solution into hair follicles in response to stress or sexual excitement; start at puberty
hairs
millions scattered all over the body. Serve a few minor protective functions- such as guarding the head against bumps, shielding the eyes, and helping keep foreign particles out of respiratory tract.
root
part of the hair enclosed in the follicle; penetrates skin
shaft
part projecting from the surface of the scalp or skin; visible portion
hair bulb matrix
growth zone, inferior end of follicle; bottom of hair follicle where cells actively divide to produce new hair cells
hair follicles
compound structures; sheath that surrounds hair in the skin
arrector pili
small bands of smooth muscle cells that connect each side of the hair follicle to the dermal tissue. Make hairs stand up on ends causing chill bumps.
nail
scalelike modification of the epidermis that corresponds to the hoof or claw of other animals. Free edge, body, and root.
athletes foot
an itchy, red, peeling condition of the skin between the toes, resulting from fungus infection. Also called tinea pedis.
boils and carbuncles
inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands, common on the dorsal neck.
Composite boils typically caused by bacterial infection.
cold sores
small fluid-filled blisters that itch and sting, caused by a herpes simplex infection. The virus localizes in a cutaneous nerve, where it remains dormant until activated by emotional upset, fever, or UV radiation. Usually occur around lips and in the oral mucosa of mouth.
contact dermatitis
itching, redness, and swelling of the skin, progressing to blistering. Caused by exposure of the skin to chemicals that provoke allergic responses in sensitive individuals.
impetigo
pink, water-filled, raised lesions (around mouth and nose) that develop a yellow crust and eventually rupture. Caused by a highly contagious staphylococcus infection; common in elementary school-aged children.
psoriasis
a chronic condition, characterized by reddened epidermal lesions covered with dry, silvery scales. When severe, may be disfiguring. Its cause is unknown; may be hereditary in some cases. Attacks often triggered by trauma, infection, hormonal changes, and stress.
burn
tissue damage and cell death caused by intense heat, electricity, UV radiation, or certain chemicals.
1st degree burn
only epidermis is damaged; becomes red and swollen; not usually serious; heals in 2-3 days; most sunburns
2nd degree burn
involve epidermis and upper region of dermis; red, painful, and blisters appear; regeneration is possible; no permanent scars with proper care
partial thickness burn
first and second degree burns
3rd degree burn
destroy entire thickness; so they are called full-thickness burns; burned areas appear blanched (gray-white) or blackened; because nerve endings are destroyed there is no pain; regeneration is not possible; skin graft must be done
full-thickness burn
third degree burns
basal cell carcinoma
the least malignant and most common skin cancer. Can't form keratin. Proliferate, invading dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Occur most often on sun-exposed areas and appear shiny, dome-shaped nodules that later develop central ulcer with pearly beaded edge. Slow growing and doesnt metastsize. Full cure - 99%
squamous cell carcinoma
arises from the cells of the stratum spinosum. Lesion appears as a scaly, reddened papule that gradually forms a shallow ulcer with a firm, raised border. Appears most often on scalp, ears, dorsum of hands, and lower lip. Grows rapidly. Sun-induced. Surgical removal or radiation therapy. Complete cure if caught early.
malignant melanoma
cancer of melanocytes. Accounts for about 5% of skin cancers, but its incidence is increasing rapidly and is often deadly. Can begin wherever there is a pigment; pigmented moles. Survival- 50%
ABCD rule
recognizes melanoma
Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color
Diameter
Asymmetry
the two sides of the pigmented spot or mole do not match
Border irregularity
the borders of the lesion are not smooth but exhibit indentations; edges notched, uneven, and blurred
color
the pigmented spot contains areas of different colors (blacks, browns, tans, and sometimes blues and reds)
diameter
the spot is larger than 6 mm in diameter (the size of a pencil eraser)
lanugo
during the fifth and sixth months of fetal development, the soon-to-be-born infant is covered with this downy type of hair, usually shed by birth
vernix caseosa
baby's skin is covered with this when born. White, cheesy looking substance, produced by sebaceous glands, protects the baby's skin while it is floating in its water-filled sac inside the mother.
milia
accumulations in the sebaceous glands, appear as small white spots on baby's nose and forehead
dermatitis
skin inflammation
alopecia
some degree of baldness
male pattern baldness
not hairless (even though it seems that way), hair becomes colorless and very thin
vellus
tiny colorless hair (meaning wool)
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