America's History for the AP Course
9th EditionEric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self
961 solutions
America's History for the AP Course
8th EditionEric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self
470 solutions
U.S. History
1st EditionJohn Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen
567 solutions
America's History for the AP Course
8th EditionEric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self
470 solutions
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Terms in this set (98)
Which of the following statements best explains the importance of the Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom?
It guaranteed true religious freedom, separate from the state government.
At the time when Thomas Paine's pamphlet The American Crisis was published, the Continental army still had a great degree of supplies and morale. (t/f)
false
Eager to strike a blow against the French, Spain agreed to an alliance with Britain, which later helped the British to gain control of Pensacola in the province of West Florida. (t/f)
false
This general surrendered his army of over 5,800 troops at the Battle of Saratoga, creating a catastrophic defeat for the British.
John Burgoyne
In late December 1776, George Washington was able to reverse American fortunes by
winning battles at trenton and princeton
The surrender of some 7,000 British troops at this climactic battle in 1781 led British political leaders to seek a peace treaty to end the Revolutionary War.
battle of yorktown
the war in the South was characterized by
the killing of prisoners by both sides and the use of guerrilla tactic
Which of the following statements best illustrates the concept of republican ideology?
The United States would be a republic in which property-owning White men would elect representatives to make governing decisions.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes a challenge faced by Washington in creating an effective army?
The soldiers, both militiamen and new recruits, lacked training and discipline.
To which of the following options was the United States forced to resort in order to pay the costs of the Revolution?
new issues of paper money
Which of the following statements best illustrates the role of women during the Revolutionary War?
While most women remained at home, some followed their husbands into war as camp followers and a few even disguised themselves as men and became soldiers.
The news of the outcome of the Battle of Yorktown convinced the British government to do which of the following?
seek to negotiate a peace treaty with the United States to end the war
The timely arrival of the French navy off the coast of Yorktown gave Washington's forces the reinforcement they needed to defeat Cornwallis's British army. (t/f)
true
The treaty with Britain that ended the Revolutionary War
recognized American independence and sought to establish the boundaries of the United States.
Thomas Jefferson was the most notable Virginian to free his slaves during the Revolution. (t/f)
false
Why was the Battle of Kings Mountain a turning point in the Revolutionary War?
The American militiamen decisively defeated the British and undermined their southern strategy.
How did the Continental Congress encourage the full-time soldiers of the Continental Army to serve for the duration of the war?
by providing land grants and cash bonuses to soldiers
Although it was drafted in July 1776 and used during the war, the nation's first constitution, the Articles of Confederation, was not ratified until 1781. Which of the following statements explains the main reason for the delay?
The demands of the war and concerns of some states delayed ratification until 1781.
The republican ideology that the American Revolutionaries adopted had long dominated Europe. (t/f)
false
General Richard Montgomery's victory at Quebec ensured that France would join the United States against Great Britain. (t/f)
false
Which of the following statements describes one of the great contradictions of the American Revolution?
Great Britain offered enslaved Blacks more opportunities for freedom than the United States, even though it was a nation built on the idea of freedom.
During the Revolutionary War, Iroquois nations fought each other on opposite sides, with the Mohawk, Seneca, Onondaga, and Cayuga siding with the British and most of the Tuscarora and Oneida helping the Americans fight against the British. (t/f)
true
In the era of the Revolution, why were most of the northern states willing and able to take steps to abolish slavery?
The North had far fewer slaves than the South and was moved by the American ideals of liberty and freedom.
Why was the Canadian Expedition of 1775-1776 significant?
It resulted in a humiliating series of American defeats that made it apparent that the war would not be a short one.
Why did Washington send 4,000 troops under General John Sullivan to western New York in 1779?
To stop attacks by Loyalists and Iroquois Indians on American frontier settlements.
According to the Constitution, the president has the authority to
veto acts of Congress.
The Supreme Court has the final say in accepting and validating federal election results. (t/f)
false
The Constitutional Convention's most gifted political philosopher, and the man who emerged as its central figure, was
james madison
Which of the following is true of Madison's Virginia Plan?
proposed a two house congress
Which of the following statements accurately describes the Judiciary Act of 1801?
It created sixteen federal circuit courts and reduced the number of Supreme Court justices.
At the end of the Revolutionary War, what challenges faced the new government of the loosely aligned thirteen states?
The Confederation government did not have the power to enforce its own laws and struggled to coordinate the nation's finances.
The northern states felt obligated to help pay off the much larger debts the southern states incurred during the Revolution.
false
On the question of women's rights, the proposed Constitution
said nothing.
Political elites resisted the demand to print currency because
printing money would have the effect of devaluing the currency already in circulation.
According to Thomas Jefferson, the United States needed a national bank to provide stable currency and to act as an engine of prosperity for rural farmers to acquire funds for land and equipment. (t/f)
false
Federalists feared that the new national government would grow too powerful and needed more limits, such as a bill of rights. (t/f)
true
The Kentucky and Virginia resolutions argued that states could nullify federal laws. Who wrote the resolutions and in response to what federal laws?
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison wrote the resolutions against the Alien and Sedition Acts.
Which of the following statements is true of Edmond-Charles Genêt?
He encouraged American privateers to attack English and Spanish vessels.
A major cause of Shays's Rebellion was that
a new state constitution raised the property qualifications to both vote and hold office.
One serious economic problem under the Articles of Confederation was
a shortage of gold and silver coins.
The Federalist Papers argued that
the large size and diversity of the new country would make it impossible for any one faction to control the government.
When Britain and France went to war in 1793, which of the following did the United States do?
It expressed neutrality, warning Americans not to aid either side.
The Western Confederacy
included thousands of Native American warriors from many tribes, who were supported by the British in their attempts to hold off encroachment into their lands.
Why was the Confederation Congress an important steppingstone to the government that came after it?
The Confederation Congress established the principle of government by elected representatives.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the delegates who met at the Constitutional Convention?
they included many participants from the Revolution who engaged in active debate with one another.
Why did debtors and protesters in many states demand the creation of paper currency?
If states printed notes, more money would circulate in the system, easing tensions on farmers and other debtors.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the Bank of the United States?
It would provide regulation of national currency.
What did anti-Federalist leaders fear about the new national government?
They worried that the new national government structure was too strong and centralized and could therefore become corrupt and tyrannical.
Why was the election of 1800 significant?
Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied with the same number of electoral votes, and the election had to be decided by the House of Representatives.
How did the Constitution affect immigration and naturalization?
The Constitution said little about immigration and naturalization, which has allowed policy to change over the years in response to fluctuating political moods and economic needs.
One of the most remembered aspects of the British assault on Baltimore was
its inspiration for what would become the national anthem.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Horseshoe Bend?
Andrew Jackson won a decisive victory over the Red Stick Creeks.
Which of the following did the delegates at the Hartford Convention do?
They proposed a series of constitutional amendments to limit Republican party influence in government.
How did southern slaveholders react to the Haitian Revolution?
They panicked, fearing slave uprisings would spread to their region, and aided the French planters' efforts to regain control in the colony.
The Battle of New Orleans was meaningless since it was fought after the war had officially ended. (t/f)
false
Who served as Thomas Jefferson's secretary of the Treasury and earned the respect of both Republicans and Federalists with his financial skills?
Albert Gallatin
Which of the following did the United States feel could be done with only slight pressure?
it would gain control of Canada, separating it from Great Britain.
In the early 1800s, the United States paid bribes to the Barbary pirate states of North Africa so they would leave American shipping alone. What led Jefferson to send warships and fight a naval war?
Tripoli insisted on higher payments than had previously been demanded to free captured American sailors.
Why did Thomas Jefferson decide to purchase Louisiana despite his constitutional concerns?
He wished to remove the threat of French control of New Orleans and to double the size of the United States.
Why did some Federalists attempt to elect Aaron Burr as governor of New York?
to link New York to New England politically, out of fear the Louisiana Territory would be dominated by Jeffersonian Republicans
Thomas Jefferson's inaugural address reflected
a tone of republican simplicity and conciliation.
President Jefferson was delighted that the Marbury decision granted the Supreme Court the right of judicial review, a power not mentioned in the Constitution. (t/f)
false
What position did southern slaveowners take on Thomas Jefferson's landmark bill in 1808 that outlawed the transatlantic slave trade?
They supported or accepted it because they had come to believe that African-born laborers were more prone to revolt.
As the War of 1812 started, one strength of the United States was
a small but capable navy
What was President Thomas Jefferson's position on the trial of Aaron Burr, following Burr's failed conspiracy to separate part of the lower Mississippi River valley from the Union with him as its ruler?
He believed Burr should be hanged for treason.
As a result of the War of 1812, President Madison
learned the value of some Federalist policies.
The Election of 1800 was the first election in modern history that resulted in an orderly transfer of power from one political party to another. (t/f)
true
How did Thomas Jefferson's "republican simplicity" influence his approach to economic policy?
He rejected Alexander Hamilton's argument that the national debt was a "blessing" and slashed the federal budget to pay it down.
Many supporters of the declaration of war on Britain in 1812 hoped that the conflict might enable America to
capture Florida from the Spanish and British.
What issues did James Madison emphasize in his reluctant message to Congress advocating war with Great Britain in 1812?
He emphasized British violations of American shipping rights and argued that the future of American independence was at stake.
Which of the following was an effect of the War of 1812?
It reaffirmed American independence but caused a reversal in attitudes among Republicans and Federalists.
Trains could operate year-round, whereas canals shut down for winter. (t/f)
true
Because they, too, had suffered discrimination, Irish immigrants tended to be sympathetic to Blacks. (t/f)
false
The most popular form of indoor entertainment in the first half of the nineteenth century was
theater
Which of the following statements accurately describes the American (or Know-Nothing) political party of the 1850s?
The party was founded to reduce or prevent immigration into the United States and was mostly against Catholic immigrants.
In the 1820s and 1830s, early labor organizations in the United States represented the interests of which of the following groups?
skilled craftsmen and artisians
Which of the following statements accurately describes Irish immigrants by the start of the Civil War?
they had energized american trade unions
In 1817, Senator John C. Calhoun refused to believe that canals would benefit the growth of the United States. (t/f)
false
What became a major problem in the Lowell mills by the middle 1830s?
labor unrest due to working and living conditions
Which of the following statements describes the impact of the Erie Canal?
It connected the economies of the Midwest and the East, turning New York into a major commercial and international trading center.
In the nineteenth-century United States, the overwhelming consensus was that private corporations alone must begin and fund transportation projects. (t/f)
false
Despite the rapid progress in education and professional activities in the first half of the nineteenth century, most women still primarily worked in the home or on the farm. (t/f)
true
During the first half of the nineteenth century, social drinking was pervasive. (t/f)
true
The American party condemned the rise of nativism, which was the belief that different ethnicities all had an inherent right to own land in the United States. (t/f)
false
What was the Lowell System?
textile mill factory town with housing for workers (usually young women) provided adjacent to the factory
The United States had the fastest growing economy in the world by 1850. (t/f)
true
British cotton manufacturers preferred cotton from the American South to other types from around the world. (t/f)
true
Which of the following statements is true of the textile plant established in Waltham, Massachusetts, in 1813?
It brought together under one roof the mechanized processes of spinning yarn and weaving cloth.
Why was the National Trades' Union formed?
to organize local trade unions into a stronger national association
The first great immigration wave, from 1845 to 1854, was also the greatest in U.S. history in proportion to the size of the country's population at the time. (t/f)
true
Which of the following statements accurately describes the United States between 1815 and 1850?
The United States evolved into a transcontinental power and experienced a period of economic prosperity.
Which of the following statements is the best definition of a market economy?
the production of goods and services, such as farm products or manufactured goods, for sale in the market rather than just for personal consumption
Following the War of 1812, the United States economy stalled due to its continued reliance on European factories. (t/f)
false
The development of a market economy in the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century was stimulated mostly by which of the following?
the development of faster and more efficient transportation and communications networks within the United States
Alexander Hamilton considered the federal debt a "blessing" because banks and investors who owned the debt would want the government to succeed. What was Thomas Jefferson's stance on this issue?
He believed that a federal debt would increase corruption and cause social instability, and he paid it down quickly.
Which of the following proved to be a significant consequence of the Hartford Convention of 1815?
Federalist delegates openly discussed the idea of New England succeeding from the United States and the shame of disloyalty eventually destroyed the party.
Why did New England Federalists oppose the Louisiana Purchase?
They feared that new states created from the Louisiana Purchase would politically support the Jeffersonian Republicans.
How did events in Haiti impact ongoing negotiations between the United States and France over access to the port of New Orleans?
Heavy French losses in Haiti convinced Napoléon to withdraw from Haiti and sell all of Louisiana to the United States.
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