Which of the following names the three phases of the general adaptation syndrome in the order of occurrence?
A.Alarm reaction, stage of exhaustion, and stage of resistance
B.Alarm reaction, stage of resistance, and stage of exhaustion
C.Stage of resistance, alarm reaction, and stage of exhaustion
D.Stage of resistance, stage of exhaustion, and alarm reaction
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The three steps in the general adaptation syndrome are alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. Alarm is the fight-or-flight response. Your hormones surge, breathing becomes rapid and shallow, glucose is released, your heart rate increases, and your pupils dilate. The second part is resistance, which includes either fighting, where a stressor is taken head on, or flight, where a stressor is avoided. It includes how your body uses stored energy, hormones, minerals, and glucose to react. The final stage is exhaustion, also known as burn out. After prolonged stress, exhaustion kicks in and the ability to manage stress becomes low. At this point, the system of the body can become compromised due to prolonged exposure to the hormones involved with stress.
Recommended textbook solutionsPsychology
1st EditionArlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins
580 solutions
The body's resources need to be augmented through medication and nutrition.
According to Hans Selye, GAS, or the physical response to stress, has three stages: alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion. A patient in the exhaustion stage is unable to continue the efforts of adaptation and needs medication, nutritional support, and other therapies. The first stage of GAS is the alarm reaction, during which the autonomic nervous system is activated by stress. This triggers a response in the sympathetic nervous system, the endocrine system, and the immune system. During the resistance stage, the body attempts to adapt to the stressor and stabilize. During this stage, the body begins to repair the damage and restore resources. If the stress is not relieved during the resistance stage, the body advances to the exhaustion stage.
It creates a state of relaxation.
It requires the patient to
be receptive and be able to focus attention.
It lowers blood pressure, heart rate, and metabolism.
Meditation involves relaxing the body and quieting the mind by directing one's focus on a specific word, sound, or image. During meditation, breathing is deep, slowed, and relaxed. Meditation can be used to decrease stress and anxiety in adults and by children as young as 10 years of age. Meditation affects the sympathetic nervous system by creating a state of relaxation, thereby lowering blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, metabolism, and blood flow to the muscles. It helps improve the quality of life, not the quantity. It does not reduce the dose of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Terms in this set (14)
What is stress?
THIS CLASS
Sources of stress
Major life events
Catastrophes and natural disasters
Daily hassles
(frustration)
Conflict
Conflict
Approach-Approach
Avoidance-Avoidance
Approach-Avoidance
Approach-Approach
"Approach-approach" conflict describes the situation where a person is trying to make a choice between two desirable options. For example, a student wishes to pursue a graduate degree and has been accepted into two graduate programs and needs to make a decision about which one to attend. In this situation the student might, in addition to comparing the quality and prestige of the programs, they might also consider the location, climate and other amenities before making a final decision.
Avoidance-Avoidance
A conflict in which one has to choose between two equally unattractive options.
Approach-Avoidance
Multiple conflicts
The approach-avoidance conflict involves making decisions about situations that have both positive and negative ramifications. An example of this might be an individual making a decision about taking a job that possesses both financial gain and prestige, but also contains a great deal of stress and long hours. This involves the individual assessing for themselves whether the negative aspects outweigh the
positives.
Stress Response
The response to stress
General adaptation syndrome
Hans Selye described three predictable stages the body uses to respond to stressors, called general adaptation syndrome (GAS). The first stage is the alarm stage, which provides a burst of energy. In the second stage, known as the resistance stage, the body attempts to resist or adapt to the stressor. The last stage is known as the exhaustion stage because energy is depleted.
Alarm Stage
The first stage is the alarm stage, which provides a burst of energy. This fight-or-flight response occurs in the alarm reaction stage.
Resistance Stage
After the initial shock of a stressful event and having a fight-or-flight response, the body begins to repair itself. It releases a lower amount of cortisol, and your heart rate and blood pressure begin to normalize. Although your body enters this recovery phase, it remains on high alert for a while. If you overcome stress and the situation is no longer an issue, your body continues to repair itself until your hormone levels, heart rate, and blood pressure reach a pre-stress state.
Some stressful situations continue for extended periods of time. If you don't resolve the stress and your body remains on high alert, it eventually adapts and learns how to live with a higher stress level. In this stage, the body goes through changes that you're unaware of in an attempt to cope with stress.
Exhaustion Stage
This stage is the result of prolonged or chronic stress. Struggling with stress for long periods can drain your physical, emotional, and mental resources to the point where your body no longer has strength to fight stress. You may give up or feel your situation is hopeless. Signs of exhaustion include:
fatigue
burnout
depression
anxiety
decreased stress tolerance
The physical effects of this stage also weaken your immune system and put you at risk for stress-related illnesses.
Biology of stress
Cortisol
Adrenaline
(epinephrine)
Cortisol
It's your body's main stress hormone. It works with certain parts of your brain to control your mood, motivation, and fear.
Your adrenal glands -- triangle-shaped organs at the top of your kidneys -- make cortisol.
It's best known for helping fuel your body's "fight-or-flight" instinct in a crisis
Adrenaline (epinephrine)
Epinephrine, also called adrenaline, hormone that is secreted mainly by the medulla of the adrenal glands and that functions primarily to increase cardiac output and to raise glucose levels in the blood. Epinephrine typically is released during acute stress, and its stimulatory effects fortify and prepare an individual for either "fight or flight"
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