Management and
Leadership
CHAPTER 7
7-1 Management Functions & Styles
7-2 Leadership
7-3 Ethical Management
7-1Management Functions and Styles
Goal 1 Define the five functions of management
Goal 2 Describe the levels of management in businesses and organizations
Goal 3 Discuss how and when to use the two management styles
Role and Work of Managers
- Who is a manager?
- What do managersdo?
- Planning
- Organizing
- Staffing
- Leading
- Controlling
Management
The process of accomplishing the goals of an organization through the effective use of people and other resources
A Manager’s 5 Functions
Involves analyzing info, setting goals, and making decisions about what needs to be done
Planning
A Manager’s 5 Functions
Identifying and arranging the work and resources needed to achieve goals
Organizing
A Manager’s 5 Functions
All the activities involved in obtaining, preparing, and compensating employees
Staffing
A Manager’s 5 Functions
The effort to direct and guide people to accomplish the planned work
Leading
A Manager’s 5 Functions
Keeping the company on track and making sure goals are met
Controlling
Checkpoint ✓
- What are the five functions of management?
- planning
- organizing
- staffing
- leading
- controlling
MANAGEMENT LEVELS
Top management
Middle management
Supervisors
Top Management
EXECUTIVES are top-level managers with responsibilities for the direction and success of the entire business
Job titles include:
CEO, President, COO,
CFO, VP, etc
Middle Management
MIDDLE MANAGERS are specialists with responsibilities for specific parts of a company’s operations
Job titles include:
Marketing manager, info. tech. manager, customer service manager, regional manager, human resource manager, etc.
Supervisors
SUPERVISORS are the first level of management in a business
Checkpoint ✓
- What are the differences among the three levels of management?
- Top-level managers are executives with responsibilities for the direction and success of the entire business.
- Middle managers are specialists with responsibilities for specific parts of a company’s operations.
- Supervisors are first-level managers who are responsible for the work of a group of employees.
MANAGEMENT STYLES
Tactical Management
Strategic Management
Mixed Management
Management Style
The way a manager works with and involves employees
Tactical Management
A style in which the manager is more directive and controlling
- Manager makes the major decisions
- Useful in crisis situations and when working with new, inexperienced employees
Strategic Management
A style in which managers are more collaborative and involve employees in decision-making
- Managers expect employees to work without direct supervision and will seek their input on important decisions
Mixed Management
The combined use of tactical and strategic management
CHOOSING A MANAGEMENT STYLE
Checkpoint ✓
- How is tactical management different from strategic management?
- The tactical management style is more directive and controlling than the strategic management style.
- Using tactical management, the manager makes the major decisions and supervises employees closely to make sure the work is done well.
- In strategic management, managers are less directive and involve employees in decision-making.
7-2Leadership
Goal 1Describe the need for leadership skills and the characteristics of an effective leader.
Goal 2Identify the human relations skills needed by managers and leaders.
Goal 3Recognize four types of leadership influence.
LEADERSHIP
Ability to motivateindividuals and groups to accomplish important goals
CHARACTERISTICS
OF EFFECTIVE LEADERS
- Understanding
- Initiative
- Dependability
- Judgment
- Objectivity
- Confidence
- Stability
- Cooperation
- Honesty
- Courage
- Communication
- Intelligence
PREPARING TO
BE A LEADER
- Study leadership
- Participate in organizations and activities
- Practice leadership at work
- Observe leaders
- Work with a mentor
- Do a self-analysis and ask for feedback
Checkpoint ✓
- What are several ways to develop leadership skills?
- Leadership skills can be developed through studying leadership, participating in organizations and activities, practicing leadership at work, observing leaders, working with a mentor, and doing a self-analysis and asking for feedback.
IMPORTANCE
OF HUMAN RELATIONS
Human Relations
The way people get along with each other
IMPORTANCE OF
HUMAN RELATIONS
Human relations skills
Self-understanding
Understanding others
Communication
Team building
Developing job satisfaction
Self-
Understanding
Leaders must first understand their own strengths and weaknesses
Others count on leaders
to be predictable and fair
Understanding Others
Recognizing similarities will help to develop a stronger team
Recognizing differences can help to involve each person in the way that is most beneficial to the team
Communication
Formal
Established and approved
Informal
Common but unofficial
Internal
Within the organization
External
With others outside
the company
Vertical
Up and down a
chain of
command
Horizontal
Across at the same level
Oral
Spoken directly
Written
Notes, letters, reports,
images, etc
Nonverbal
Body language, gesture,
posture, facial expression
The combined skills of the people in an effective team are greater than that of individuals working alone
Developing Job Satisfaction
Managers can influence how employees feel about their jobs on a daily basis
Sources of job dissatisfaction include:
- Assignments employees do not like
- Difficult working conditions
- Ineffective communication
- Lack of recognition
Checkpoint ✓
Why do managers and leaders need effective human relations skills?
Managers and leaders need effective human relations skills because:
Much of their success depends on their ability to get along well with all of the people with whom they work and build effective work groups.
INFLUENCING PEOPLE
Kinds of influence
Formal and informal influence
Influence
The ability to affect the actions of others
Kinds of Influence
Position influence
Reward influence
Expert influence
Identity influence
Position Influence
Ability to get others to accomplish tasks because of the position the leader holds
Reward Influence
Comes from the leader’s ability
to give or withhold rewards
Expert Influence
Comes from group members recognizing and appreciating a leader’s expertise in a specific area
Identity Influence
Comes from the personal trust and respect members have for the leader
Formal and Informal Influence
Informal Influence
Power resulting from the personal characteristics of the leader rather than the formal structure of the organization
Formal Influence
Power based on a leader’s position within the formal structure of an organization
Checkpoint ✓
- What is the difference between formal and informal influence?
- Formal influence results from a position that is a part of the organization’s structure.
- Informal influence results from personal characteristics and is not a formal position in the organization.
7-3 Ethical Management
Goal 1 Justify the need for ethical management
Goal 2 Identify the role of leaders inincreasing ethical behavior
IMPORTANCE OF ETHICAL BEHAVIOR
- Not everyone has the same belief about what is ethical and what is not ethical.
- Organizations should develop a clear view of what is acceptable business behavior and what is not.
- Individuals and organizations develop reputations based on their actions and the decisions they make.
Ethical Business Practices
Ensure that appropriate standards of conduct are maintained by everyone who is a part of the business and with anyone affected by the business
Ethical Behavior
– 2 parts
The decisions and actions of individuals and groups
The results
of those
actions
What is Ethical Behavior? – 4 standards
- It is lawful.
- It is consistent with company values and policies.
- It is not intended to harm some so that others can benefit.
- If the actions and results become public, it will not embarrass the company.
ETHICAL MANAGEMENT
- Actions and activities of the business are legal, honest, and ethical.
- People and other companies treated fairly.
- Work of the company improves the communities and countries in which it operates.
- Resources are used efficiently with consideration of the effect on people and the environment.
Checkpoint ✓
- What are the two parts of ethical behavior?
- The actions of individuals and groups
- The results of those actions
INCREASING ETHICAL BEHAVIOR THROUGH LEADERSHIP
- Preparing the organization
- Mission statement
- Core values
- Modeling ethical behavior
Mission Statement
Describes the reason a business exists and what it wants to accomplish
Core Values
Important principles that will guide decisions and actions in the company
Checkpoint ✓
- What are the core values of an organization?
- An organization’s core values are the principles that guide decisions and actions in the company.