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Terms in this set (39)
Which of the following that must be true for a war to be just:
- War can only be done in self-defense
- War must only be used as a last resort
- The leaders declaring war must have just intents
- There must be a just cause
True:
- War must only be used as a last resort
- There
must be a just cause
- The leaders declaring war must have just intents. End goal must be peace.
False:
- War can be done in self defense. If a country were to invade to stop human rights abuses, that might be considered a just war.
Which of the following statements are part of most scholarly definitions of terrorism?
- Targets must be noncombatants
- It must be motivated by religion
- It must be political in intent
- It must
be carried out by nonstate actors
True:
- Targets must be noncombatants. If they are combatants, it is asymmetrical warfare.
- It must be carried out by nonstate actors. It can be paid for by state, but if a state is carrying out, it is a military action.
- It must be political in intent. Violence for non-political reasons is organized crime.
False:
- It must be motivated by religion
Collective
security is based on which of the following assumptions:
- Nuclear weapons are the ultimate deterrent
- The collective benefit of peace outweighs the individual benefit of war
- The aggressors are always in the wrong
- Aggressors know the international community will punish them
Correct:
- The collective benefit of peace outweighs the individual benefit of war
- The aggressors are always in the wrong
- Aggressors know the international
community will punish them
Incorrect:
- Nuclear weapons are the ultimate deterrent
Power transition theory is most consistent with which theoretical perspective's explanations about the causes of war?
Realism
What is the ability of a state to protect its interests, secrets, and citizens from threats?
National security
Convincing a state not to attack by threatening the use of force is known as (a). If one enters into an agreement with many other states such that an attack on one member state is an attack on all, this instead becomes (b).
(a) deterrence.
(b) collective security i.e. United Nations
The two ideas are closely related, but deterrence counts on an individual state for enforcement, whereas collective
security relies on the international community as a whole.
What kind of warfare do we call state actions taken to penetrate another state's computers or networks for the purposes of causing damage or disruption?
Cyberwarfare
Which theoretical perspective believes that changing norms is an effective tool for preventing war?
Contructivism
Which theoretical perspective believes that collective security is an effective tool for preventing war?
Liberalism. This aligns with liberals' belief in institutions.
Which theoretical perspective believes that power balancing is an effective tool for preventing war?
Realism
Which theoretical perspective believes that arms control and disarmament is an effective tool for preventing war?
Realism
Which theoretical perspective believes that deterrence is an effective tool for preventing war?
Realism
Which of the following steps has the world community taken to combat terrorism:
- States have increased
cooperation among their national enforcement agencies
- Numerous new conventions were created for dealing with terrorists
- States have sanctioned other states that they believe support terrorists
- States have successfully eradicated terrorist networks from within their borders
True:
- Numerous new conventions were created for dealing with terrorists.
- States have increased cooperation among their national enforcement agencies.
- States
have sanctioned other states that they believe support terrorists.
False:
- States have successfully eradicated terrorist networks from within their borders.
Wars are more limited in nature in the twenty-first century than they were during the twentieth century. (T/F)
True. There hasn't been a war that was as destructive and widespread as WW2
In the period from the 1840s until 1914, the United Kingdom was often willing to shift its allegiances between European powers in order to help prevent any one alliance from becoming too powerful. What is this an example of?
Power balancing
What is an asymmetric conflict?
It involves a more powerful party against a significantly weaker one. Example: U.S in Vietnam, Soviets in Afghanistan
The United Nations Charter allows for several circumstances under which a member state may use force. (T/F)
True. Either self-defense or by authorization of the U.N. security council
Which of the following are components of the definition of war:
- It must be organized and deliberate violence
- It must be carried out by an identifiable political
authority
- There must be at least 1,000 deaths in a calendar year because of the conflict
- Both sides must have the capacity to harm each other
True:
- It must be organized and deliberate violence. Looting and rioting does not meet the definition of war.
- Both sides must have the capacity to harm each other. Otherwise, it's a genocide
- There must be at least 1,000 deaths in a calendar year because of the conflict.
- It must be carried
out by an identifiable political authority. Mob violence is not war.
Which of the following are principles of how a war may be conducted in a just manner?
- principle of unnecessary human suffering
- principle of just cause
- principle of noncombatant immunity
- principle of deterrence
True:
- principle of noncombatant immunity
- principle of unnecessary human suffering. Torture is
prohibited.
False:
- principle of just cause. Just causes are not necessarily related to whether or not the war is carried out in a just manner.
- principle of deterrence. Deterrence is more related to the outbreak of war than to its conduct.
What is another name for a civil war?
intrastate
Which of the following are liberal explanations for why war
happens:
- States gaining in power may turn to war to demonstrate their new position
- Important ideas, such as nationalism, can inspire people to military causes
- Economic interdependence can make war less likely
- International institutions can help create the conditions for peace
True:
- International institutions can help create the conditions for peace
- International institutions can help create the conditions for
peace.
False:
- States gaining in power may turn to war to demonstrate their new position. (realism)
- Important ideas, such as nationalism, can inspire people to military causes. (constructivism)
Deterrence are based on which of the following assumptions:
- The collective benefit of peace outweighs the individual benefit of war
- Nuclear weapons are the ultimate deterrent
- Decision-makers want to avoid war in cases where the
cost is high
- Alternatives to war always exist
- The aggressors are always in the wrong
True:
- Alternatives to war always exist
- Decision-makers want to avoid war in cases where the cost is high.
- Nuclear weapons are the ultimate deterrent.
False:
- The aggressors are always in the wrong. (collective security)
- The collective benefit of peace outweighs the individual benefit of war. (collective security)
The Hague Conventions and the Geneva Conventions deal with which subject?
conduct during war
Which of the following are reasons that liberals believe democracies can lead to peace:
- Democracies do not spend as much on their militaries
- Democracies cannot easily back down from their commitments
- Democracies share norms of compromise and cooperation
- Democracies are more
powerful than nondemocracies
True:
- Democracies cannot easily back down from their commitments. It is costly to renege later.
- Democracies share norms of compromise and cooperation
False:
- Democracies are more powerful than nondemocracies.
- Democracies do not spend as much on their militaries. U.S. has the most expensive military and is a democracy.
Which of the following are realist
explanations for the causes of war:
- Important ideas, such as nationalism, can inspire people to military causes
- States gaining in power may turn to war to demonstrate their new position
- International institutions can help create the conditions for peace
- The anarchical international system inevitably leads to conflict
True:
- The anarchical international system inevitably leads to conflict.
- States gaining in power may turn to war to
demonstrate their new position. i.e. Germany during WW1
False:
- International institutions can help create the conditions for peace (liberalism)
- Important ideas, such as nationalism, can inspire people to military causes. (constructivism)
Countries rarely follow the arms control agreements they sign. (T/F)
False. e.g. Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
Which theoretical perspective believe that international institutions can play a role in maintaining peace?
Liberalism, Constructivism
The distribution of power in the international system is most likely to factor into constructivist explanations of war. (T/F)
False. More realist
In order to defeat the much larger and more well-equipped U.S. military, North Vietnamese troops often blended in with local populations and used guerrilla and hit-and-run tactics to frustrate American military ambitions. This is an example of what kind of warfare?
Asymmetric. Simply having a more powerful military does not guarantee victory.
What is conventional war?
war in which the weapons used are limited in time and space and are used against military targets
What is asymmetric war?
war where one side is substantially more powerful than the other
What is interstate wars?
War between states
What do constructivists believe?
The way states view each other is shaped by their past interactions
Terrorist groups are motivated by several factors. Some, such as Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Irish Republican Army, as part of their objectives, seek to defend or expand their interpretation of Islam or Christianity, and are thus motivated by (a). Others, such as the Basque separatists in Spain, and the Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka, want their own autonomy or territory and are thus driven by (b)`.
(a) religion
(b) nationalism
Why is cyberwarfare a challenge for the just war tradition?
It is unclear if cyberwarfare can be considered "war" or not
Land mines were once widely used tools of war. In the past 30 years, however, a norm has developed in the international system that has made their use taboo. This is most consistent with which theoretical perspective's views on how peace can be maintained?
Constructivism
What is a real-world example of a cyberwarfare?
the U.S. Stuxnet computer virus that disabled Iranian nuclear facilities
What is a real-world example of an intrastate war?
the American Civil War
What is a real-world example of an unconventional war?
the Vietnam War, wherein the North Vietnamese used guerrilla tactics
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