Baseline comparisons revealed that the groups did not differ in levels of anxiety, stress, or depression (from DASS subscales), with the experimental group reporting relatively low levels of anxiety (M 0.79, SD 0.51), stress (M 0.97, SD 0.49), and depression (M 0.69, SD 0.51), comparable to the control group: anxiety (M 0.64, SD 0.36), stress (M 0.83, SD 0.47), and depression (M 0.65, SD 0.59); all ps .30.
Consistent
Consistent with expectations for the control group, we found no significant changes from pre- to postassessment for any measure (ps .05). Repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed that compared with the control group, participants in the experimental group reported a greater increase in mindfulness, F(1, 19) 4.55, p .05, and goaldirected energy, F(1, 19) 4.94 p .05.
Stage 1: alpha to theta waves, heart rate slows, body temp drops,
hypnic jerks
Stage 2: sleep spindles-a small burst of brain activity, mix of activity-beta, alpha, theta, beginning of delta (starts to become more prominent)
Stages 3 and 4: delta waves, extremely difficult to awaken
REM: beta brain waves, most dreaming occurs here, etc.
Average go to sleep time = 25 min
Reducing effects of stress- lower levels of some stress hormones, enhanced immune response, improved mental health, reducing anxiety, and drug abuse, self-esteem, mood, self-control, eating disorders, heart health, enhance human potential