Correction: April 8, 2016 Show
An earlier version of this quiz misstated the answer to No. 1. It is “restraining communist military power and ideological influence,” not “creating alliances with recently decolonized nations.” Correction: April 10, 2016 A Pop Quiz on Page 21 this weekend — practice questions from the Advanced Placement exam in United States history that the College Board revised after criticism — renders question No. 12 incorrectly. The question should read, “Muir’s position regarding wilderness was most strongly supported by which of the following” — not “most strongly opposed.” (Before the board’s revisions, the question read “opposed.”) And the answer to No. 8, on Page 22, omits the original question: “The conditions shown in the image came about most directly as a result of.” Presentation U.S. History Primary Source TimelineThe early 20th century was an era of business expansion and progressive reform in the United States. The progressives, as they called themselves, worked to make American society a better and safer place in which to live. They tried to make big business more responsible through regulations of various kinds. They worked to clean up
corrupt city governments, to improve working conditions in factories, and to better living conditions for those who lived in slum areas, a large number of whom were recent immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe. Many progressives were also concerned with the environment and conservation of resources. This generation of Americans also hoped to make the world a more democratic place. At home, this meant expanding the right to vote to women and a number of election reforms such as the recall, referendum, and direct election of Senators. Abroad, it meant trying to make the world safe for democracy. In 1917, the United States joined Great Britain and France--two democratic nations--in their
war against autocratic Germany and Austria-Hungary. Soon after the Great War, the majority of Americans turned away from concern about foreign affairs, adopting an attitude of live and let live. The 1920s, also known as the "roaring twenties" and as "the new era," were similar to the Progressive Era in that America continued its economic growth and prosperity. The incomes of working people increased along with those of middle class and wealthier Americans. The major growth industry was
automobile manufacturing. Americans fell in love with the automobile, which radically changed their way of life. On the other hand, the 1920s saw the decline of many reform activities that had been so widespread after 1900. Part of
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The foundation of modern America was born during the progressive era (Chambers, 1980). Progressivism refers to the different responses to the economic and social evolutions that occurred as a result of America’s rapid urbanization and industrialization at the end of the 19th century. In the late 1800s, millions of
Americans migrated west and into urban areas, and hundreds of thousands of African Americans moved to northern cities. Moreover, the United States experienced unprecedented levels of immigration at this time (George Washington University, n.d.). Rapid advances in technology and industrialization took its toll on Americans. While urban areas benefited from electricity and running water, rural farmers struggled to maintain their farms as they battled increased competition,
costly machinery, and falling prices. Thus, progressivism began as a social movement to cope with the various social needs of the time and ultimately evolved into a reform movement. Early progressives rejected Social Darwinism and believed that society’s problems, such as poverty, poor health, violence, greed, racism, and class warfare, could be best eradicated through
better education, a safer environment, a more efficient workplace, and a more honest government. Progressives at this time were primarily college-educated urban dwellers who believed that the government could be used as a tool for change (George Washington University, n.d.). There were many important players during the Progressive Era who worked to liven the consciousness of America to the social ills plaguing many vulnerable communities. Investigative journalists became
prominent voices in raising public awareness of social ills. These journalists, such as Jacob Riis, were known as “muckrakers.” They highlighted the poor health conditions of the poor and exposed corruption, and their efforts helped to inspire reformist legislation at both state and national levels (Filip, 2015). Likewise, many religious figures at this time sought
to unify the sacred with the secular to demand expansive reforms for social change. These Social Gospelers worked with the laity on labor and living conditions and promoted the idea of a larger Christian community to combat the rising notion of individualism. Moreover, pragmatism became a popular way of
educating and governing during the Progressive Era. Many scholars and academics emphasized the importance of applied knowledge. Notable Pragmatist, John Dewey, crafted significant pragmatic pedagogy and asserted that schools should be foundations for social change. Pragmatists notably did not just hope to garner government
support for reform, but also sought to directly transform government through their influence (Filip, 2015).  Photo: Library of Congress Digital ID 98502844 Women, too, had prominent roles during this time. Many groups organized to push for gender equality, prison reform, the creation of public kindergartens, day care for children of working mothers, and facilities to support children in need. Moreover, women’s organizations helped to push for legislation for the right to vote, culminating in the 19th Amendment, as well as for the creation of mandatory health and safety measures in the workplace (Filip, 2015). Individuals in professional and specialized roles, such as doctors, engineers, lawyers, teachers, and progressive businessmen demanded professionalization or systematic licensing for each of their respective jobs. These groups sought to discount fraud and denounce corruption and government ineffectiveness and inefficiency. Labor unions and workers’ associations began using strikes and boycotts to draw attention to their demands, especially regarding factory conditions. Some more radical groups, such as the “Wobblies” called for a new, uncompromising social order. Furthermore, industrialization and urbanization began booming at this time, ostracizing farmers from the political scene (Filip, 2015). Photo: National Archives National Archives Identifier 306143 On a national level, progressivism garnered further support when Theodore Roosevelt became president in 1901. He believed that, while strong corporations were good for America, they must be sufficiently monitored for corruption and greed (George Washington University, n.d.). Furthermore, many progressives were elected into Congress. Thus, federal programs, such as The Children’s Bureau, were established. Moreover, the Sheppard-Towner Act (1920), also known as the Promotion of the Welfare of Hygiene of Maternity and Infancy Act, was the first major federal healthcare program. The Sheppard-Towner Act was groundbreaking, too, for its public relations campaigns, educating Americans on the importance of improved healthcare and social conditions for women and children (Filip, 2015). The progressive era came to an end with World War I as the horrors of war exposed humanity’s potential for large-scale cruelty. Many Americans began to associate President Woodrow Wilson’s progressivism with the war (George Washington University, n.d.). For Further Reading: How the Other Half Lives: Studies Among the Tenements of New York by Jacob Riis References: Chambers, J. W. (1980). The Tyranny of change: America in the progressive era, 1900-1917. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press. Filip, V. (2015). Origins of American social policies: The progressive era. Universitatea Danubi Galati, 7(1), 67-84. Retrieved from http://journals.univ-danubius.ro/index.php/administratio/article/view/2973 George Washington University. (n.d.). The progressive era (1890-1920). The Eleanor Roosevelt papers project. Retrieved from https://www2.gwu.edu/~erpapers/teachinger/glossary/progressive-era.cfm How to Cite this Article (APA Format): Paul, C. A. (2017). The Progressive Era. Social Welfare History Project. Retrieved from https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/civil-war-reconstruction/progressive-era/ Resources related to this topic may be found in the Social Welfare History Image Portal. What happened during the Progressive Era quizlet?Progressive Era was a period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States, from the 1890s to the 1920s. The main objective of the Progressive movement was eliminating corruption in government. government at every level must be actively involved in these reforms.
What were the four goals that various Progressive reforms struggled to achieve?What did reformers want? As the 1900s opened, reformers pushed for a number of changes. Together their efforts built the progressive movement. The progressive movement had four major goals: (1) to protect social welfare, (2) to promote moral improvement, (3) to create economic reform, and (4) to foster efficiency.
Who were the Progressive Era reformers quizlet?Terms in this set (33). Jane Addams. Rights of the poor and immigrants, founder of Hull House.. Eugene Debs. Socialist and labor union leader, candidate for President.. John Dewey. Educational philosopher and reformer.. WEB DuBois. ... . Elezabeth Gurley Flynn. ... . Emma Goldman. ... . Samuel Gompers. ... . Bill Haywood (Big Bill). How did Progressives hope to make government more efficient and responsive to citizens?Progressives were interested in establishing a more transparent and accountable government which would work to improve U.S. society. These reformers favored such policies as civil service reform, food safety laws, and increased political rights for women and U.S. workers.
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Which of the following efforts most directly resulted from the Progressive Era reform movements?
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