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Terms in this set (73)
What is a "good death"?
A dying process that allows an individual to make choices about treatment, to say goodbyes and to take care of final arrangements is what many people hope for. Such a death might be considered a "good death."
Which top cause of death was most prevalent across multiple age groups in the United States according to 2016 statistics?
Unintentional injury
Which of the top 10 deadliest diseases worldwide exhibited the largest increase between 2000 and 2016?
Heart disease
Which of the following is true about the physiological, social, and psychological aspects of death?
They tend to occur in different orders for different individuals and sometimes occur stimultaneously.
Soon after his terminal prognosis, Mr. Jacksons family and friends came by less often and when they did visit, they had less and less to say. This illustrates which type of death?
Social death
Mrs. Freemans vital organs began to fail, resulting in difficulty with eating and breathing. This is an example of which aspect of death?
Physiological
Mae has fought a chronic condition for many years and is now on hospice. When her nurse notices her lack of desire to eat, restlessness, and her gasping labored, breaths, known as ________, she knows the physiological death is near.
Agonal breathing
Which of the following describes a common theme in effective interventions for dying individuals?
self-empowerment and autonomy
Harvey, who is suffering from poor health in a nursing home, is told by the doctor that he will probably not live another six months. Harvey tries to remain positive, but visits from his family and friends become more infrequent and the doctors and nurses seem to avoid him. Which aspect of death is characterized by this behavior?
Social death
What is the difference between social death and psychological death?
Social death occurs when individuals withdraw from the dying individual, while psychological death occurs when the individual withdraws from others.
How has the leading cause of death changed from 1900 to the present-day in the United States?
It has shifted from infectious diseases to chronic diseases.
Which of the following are the two current top causes of death that are not related to physical illness?
accidents and suicides
What is one way in which the leading cause of death varies between age groups in the United States?
Unintentional injury is the most prevalent until age 44, but becomes the least prevalent for ages 45 and older.
What does physiological death refer to?
The ceasing of vital organs function
What is a difference between bereavement and grief?
Grief is typically internal, while bereavement is external.
Which type of grief is known for being maladaptive, deviating from what is accepted as healthy grieving thoughts, emotions, and behaviors?
Complicated
Why is the fading affect bias believed to be adaptive?
It can facilitate positive emotions that support healthy coping
What is believed to be a benefit of experiencing grief or loss in stages?
The stages serve as a cognitive defense mechanisms
What is one major way in which theories of grief and loss have changed over time?
They have expanded to encompass grief and loss as general constructs
What stands out about the model proposed by Strobe and Shut (1999), in comparison to previous models?
It included dual set of ongoing processes, rather than stages
Which of the following describes a difference between bereavement and grief?
Bereavement is external, while grief is internal.
What is the difference between complicated grief and disenfranchised grief?
Complicated grief involves a distinct set of maladaptive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, while disenfranchised grief refers to grief that must be hidden
How do the stages of loss relate to grief?
The stages of loss can support positive coping with grief.
The stages of loss are experienced by individuals in grief, and can facilitate positive coping. For example, denial can serve as a cognitive defense mechanism to allow the individual some time to process what is happening.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the influence of culture on perceptions and attitudes toward death?
Culture provides a general framework and influence for the development of these perceptions and attitudes.
Which of the following best describes Kubler-Ross' five stages of loss?
A framework for understanding the experiences of an individual who is dying
What is considered to be adaptive about the five stages of loss presented by Kubler-Ross' model?
The stages of loss serve as cognitive defense mechanisms that give the individual time to process what is happening
Which of the following describes a key feature of Worden's (1991) model of grief?
It involves four different tasks that must be successfully completed to resolve the grief, including (a) accepting that the loss has occurred, (b) working through and experiencing the pain associated with grief, (c) adjusting the the changes that the loss created in the environment, and (d) moving past the loss on an emotional level
Which of the following describes a key feature of Strobe and Shut's (1999) model of grief?
An ongoing set of processes that relate to both loss and restoration.
Which of the following correctly describes anticipatory grief?
Anticipatory grief occurs when the loss is expected.
Since Dr. Ahgwar specializes in palliative care, he has specialized training in:
Helping individuals cope with the reality of the impending death
What is not included in most hospice care programs?
Medical treatments and resuscitation
Which of the following summarizes Dame Cicely Saunders' view on pain that is experienced by dying individuals and their families?
Dying individuals and their families experience multiple types of pain during the dying process that go beyond physical pain
Which of the following summarizes the influence of culture on palliative care?
Different cultures do not always have the same views on palliative care
Renalto has terminal cancer and he cant stand the pain anymore, so he asks someone he knows to administer a lethal dose of medication to end his suffering. Which type of euthanasia involves this type of administering lethal medication to Renalto?
Active euthanasia
Mike kept his promise to his wife Cynthia and when her terminal illness progressed and she could no longer speak or move on her own, he withheld food, water, and medication to help her die. Which type of euthanasia does this represent?
Passive euthanasia
What type of training have doctors who specialize in palliative care had that distinguishes them from other doctors?
Training to help patients and their families cope with the reality of the impending death.
Which of the following accurately describes Dame Cicely Saunders' view on the pain experienced by dying individuals and their families?
These individuals experience multiple types of pain that go beyond physical pain
Which of the following accurately describes intellectual pain?
Declining memory and the loss of ability to recognize others
What types of issues does bureaucratic pain encompass?
Bills and legal matters associated with the dying process
Which of the following describes an example of passive euthanasia?
Ceasing to provide the individual with food or other necessities to live.
Which of the following describes an example of active euthanasia?
administering a lethal dose of medication to someone who wishes to die
What is a common theme in the physician-assisted suicide laws in states that allow it?
The practitioner must be willing to do it.
What is usually not included in hospice care?
Medical treatment for disease
Which of the following describes the way in which hospice service use is distributed between races?
Hospice use is distributed unevenly between races.
Which race is currently the most prevalent among the individuals using hospice care services?
White
Which of the following is usually included in hospice care?
Help for family members coping with grief and bereavement
Which of the following statements describes the relationship between race/ethnicity, and hospice care?
Beliefs about hospice care and its practices vary between races and ethnicities
How does physician-assisted suicide differ from euthanasia?
Physician-assisted suicide is mandated by a set of laws and backed by legal authority
active coping
seeking information, working to solve problems; tends to produce more positive outcomes than passive coping
agonal breathing
gasping, labored breaths caused by an abnormal pattern of brainstem reflex
brain dead
when all brain function ceases to occur
clinical death
when the individual is brain dead
passive coping
characterized by avoidance and distraction; outcomes tend not be as positive as with active coping
physiological death
when vital organs no longer function
psychological death
when a dying person begins to accept death and to withdraw from others and regress into the self
social death
when others begin to withdraw from someone who is terminally ill or has been diagnosed with a terminal illness
vegetative state
the cerebral cortex no longer registers electrical activity but the brain stem continues to be active
bereavement
the period of mourning following the death of someone
complicated grief
when feelings of grief are persistent and incapacitating
disenfranchised grief
grief that is not acknowledged by others
fading affect bias
idea that negative events, such as the death of a loved one, tend to lose their emotional intensity at a faster rate than pleasant events
grief
the psychological, physical, and emotional experience and reaction to loss
survivor guilt
mental condition that occurs when a person perceives themselves to have done wrong by surviving a traumatic event when others did not
Which of the following describes a key feature of the Kubler-Ross model of grief?
It involves five stages that individuals progress through, each characterized by unique cognitions, emotions, and behaviors
Kubler-Ross' model encompassed five stages of grief including (a) denial, (b) anger, (c) bargaining, (d) depression, and (e) acceptance.
What is a major function of ceremonies such as funerals and memorial services
They provide the surviving individuals with a sense of closure.
hospice
a type of care involving palliation without curative intent. Usually, it is used for people with no further options for curing their disease or people who have decided not to pursue further options that are arduous, likely to cause more symptoms, and not likely to succeed.
palliative care
an interdisciplinary approach to specialized medical and nursing care for people with life-limiting illnesses. It focuses on providing relief from the symptoms, pain, physical stress, and mental stress at any stage of illness, with a goal of improving the quality of life for both the person and their family.
active euthanasia
a type of voluntary euthanasia that is active, such as administering a lethal dose of medication to someone who wishes to die
euthanasia:
helping a person fulfill their wish to die
passive euthanasia
a type of voluntary euthanasia that is passive, such as no longer feeding someone or giving them food
physician-assisted suicide
occurs when a physician prescribes the means by which a person can end his or her own life. This differs from euthanasia, in that it is mandated by a set of laws and is backed by legal authority. Physician-assisted suicide is legal in the District of Columbia and several states, including Oregon, Hawaii, Vermont, and Washington. It is also legal in the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Belgium
voluntary euthanasia
helping someone fulfill their wish to die by acting in such a way to help that person's life end
What is a major goal of hospice care?
To help dying patients be as free from pain as possible
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Verified questions
PSYCHOLOGY
Match the term below with its correct definition. single-blind study A. method researchers use to answer questions about cause and effect B. researchers select a group of participants end then observe them over a period of time C. part of a target population studied by researchers D. substance or treatment that has no effect apart from a person's belief in it E. educated guess or answer to a research question F. factors that can vary or change in an experiment G. measure of how closely two things are related H. standards for proper and responsible behavior I. a measure of distance of every score to the mean J. participants do not know whether they are in the experimental group or the control group K. members of a study who do not receive treatment
Verified answer
QUESTION
Some patients whose depression resists drugs have benefited from which experimental treatment? a. Transference. b. Meta-analysis. c. Antipsychotic drugs. d. Deep-brain simulation. e Resistance.
Verified answer
PSYCHOLOGY
a. What phrase, dating back to ancient Greece, has remained a motto of psychological study? b. According to psychologist B. F. Skinner, what happens as a result of positive reinforcement? c. Judge the impact of Freud on psychological study. Do you think he's had a largely positive impact or a negative one? Explain your ideas.
Verified answer
PSYCHOLOGY
Why do some anthropologists believe that emotions are not universal?
Verified answer
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