Why is security software important?Security software can improve both business and information security. Operating without security software--or using outdated solutions--leaves organizations and users exposed to a wide range of threats, including malicious hackers, spyware, viruses, and malware. Show The growing sophistication and diversity of cyber threats--and the expanding number of endpoints that need protecting due to an increase in mobility, remote work, and the Internet of Things--require many businesses to employ ever more advanced security software solutions. What is a security platform?Businesses today use as many as 50 different types of security software solutions from various vendors. A security platform can help manage these myriad security software products and functions more efficiently and cost-effectively by consolidating them. A security platform can unify multiple security products and automate repetitive tasks and workflows across endpoints, networks, the cloud, and applications. It can also increase visibility into threats and make intelligence sharing easier so security teams can work faster and more collaboratively and deliver better outcomes. CISCO Cybersecurity Essentials related content All questions and answers to study for the Final Quiz / Final Exam of the Cisco "Cybersecurity Essentials" course Watch the video to learn about the questions, answers and the explanations of the answer. All questions and answers to study for the Final Quiz Final Quiz / Final Exam A cybersecurity specialist is asked to identify the potential criminals known to attack the organization. Which type of hackers would the cybersecurity specialist be least concerned with? white hat hackers Which type of cybercriminal is the most likely to create malware to compromise an organization by stealing credit card information?
black hat hackers Which type of cybercriminal attack would interfere with established network communication through the use of constructed packets so that the packets look like they are part of the normal communication? packet forgery Which technology can be used to ensure data confidentiality? encryption Which technology can be implemented as part of an authentication system to verify the identification of employees? a smart card reader Which data state is maintained in NAS and SAN services? stored data Which type of networks poses increasing challenges to cybersecurity specialists due to the growth of BYOD on campus? wireless networks A security specialist is asked for advice on a security measure to prevent unauthorized hosts from accessing the home network of employees. Which measure would be most effective? Implement a firewall What are the two most effective ways to defend against malware? (Choose two.) Install and update antivirus software. Users report that the database on the main server cannot be accessed. A database administrator verifies the issue and notices that the database file is now encrypted. The organization receives a threatening email demanding payment for the decryption of the database file. What type of attack has the organization experienced? Ransomware Users report that the network access is slow. After questioning the employees, the network administrator learned that one employee downloaded a third-party scanning program for the printer. What type of malware might be introduced that causes slow performance of the network? worm A penetration testing service hired by the company has reported that a backdoor was identified on the network. What action should the organization take to find out if systems have been compromised? Look for unauthorized accounts What type of attack will make illegitimate websites higher in a web search result list? SEO poisoning What is an impersonation attack that takes advantage of a trusted relationship between two systems? spoofing What type of attack has an organization experienced when an employee installs an unauthorized device on the network to view network traffic? sniffing What is the most difficult part of designing a cryptosystem? key management Alice and Bob use a pre-shared key to exchange a confidential message. If Bob wants to send a confidential message to Carol, what key should he use? a new pre-shared key A user has a large amount of data that needs to be kept confidential. Which algorithm would best meet this requirement? 3DES Which algorithm will Windows use by default when a user intends to encrypt files and folders in an NTFS volume? AES Which access control strategy allows an object owner to determine whether to allow access to the object? DAC Which access control should the IT department use to restore a system back to its normal state? corrective In which situation would a detective control be warranted? when the organization needs to look for prohibited activity Which method is used by steganography to hide text in an image file? least significant bit What is a feature of a cryptographic hash function? The hash function is a one-way mathematical function You have been asked to implement a data integrity program to protect data files that need to be electronically downloaded by the sales staff. You have decided to use the strongest hashing algorithm available on your systems. Which hash algorithm would you select?
SHA-256 Technicians are testing the security of an authentication system that uses passwords. When a technician examines the password tables, the technician discovers the passwords are stored as hash values. However, after comparing a simple password hash, the technician then discovers that the values are different from those on other systems. What are two causes of this situation? (Choose two.) The systems use different hashing algorithms A VPN will be used within the organization to give remote users secure access to the corporate network. What does IPsec use to authenticate the origin of every packet to provide data integrity checking? HMAC Which hashing technology requires keys to be exchanged? HMAC What technology should be implemented to verify the identity of an organization, to authenticate its website, and to provide an encrypted connection between a client and the website? digital certificate The X.509 standards defines which security technology? digital
certificates An organization just completed a security audit. Your division was cited for not conforming to X.509 requirements. What is the first security control you need to examine? digital certificates There are many environments that require five nines, but a five nines environment may be cost prohibitive. What is one example of where the five nines environment might be cost prohibitive? the New York Stock Exchange An organization has recently adopted a five nines program for two critical database servers. What type of controls will this involve? improving reliability and uptime of the servers Being able to maintain availability during disruptive events describes which of the principles of high availability? system resiliency The team is in the process of performing a risk analysis on the database services. The information collected includes the initial value of these assets, the threats to the assets and the impact of the threats. What type of risk analysis is the team performing by calculating the annual loss expectancy? quantitative analysis Which two values are required to calculate annual loss expectancy? (Choose two.) single loss expectancy The awareness and identification of vulnerabilities is a critical function of a cybersecurity specialist. Which of the following resources can be used to identify specific details about vulnerabilities? CVE national database Which risk mitigation strategies include outsourcing services and purchasing insurance? transfer Which technology would you implement to provide high availability for data storage? RAID What are two incident response phases? (Choose two.) detection and analysis Which of the following products or technologies would you use to establish a baseline for an operating system? Microsoft Security Baseline Analyzer (MBSA) Mutual authentication can prevent which type of attack? man-in-the-middle What Windows utility should be used to configure password rules and account lockout policies on a system that is not part of a domain? Local Security Policy tool Which three protocols can use Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)? (Choose three.) 802.11i Which utility uses the Internet Control Messaging Protocol (ICMP)? ping Which technology can be used to protect VoIP against eavesdropping? encrypted voice messages What describes the protection provided by a fence that is 1 meter in height? It deters casual trespassers only HVAC, water system, and fire systems fall under which of the cybersecurity domains? physical facilities Which website offers guidance on putting together a checklist to provide guidance on configuring and hardening operating systems? The National
Vulnerability Database website Which national resource was developed as a result of a U.S. Executive Order after a ten-month collaborative study involving over 3,000 security professionals? NIST Framework Chapter 1: Cybersecurity - A World of Experts and Criminals What name is given to a amateur hacker? script kiddie What type of attack uses many systems to flood the resources of a target, thus making the target unavailable? DoS What is an example of an Internet data domain? Linkedin Thwarting cyber criminals includes which of the following? (Choose two.) establishing early warning systems What type of an attack can disable a computer by forcing it to use memory or by overworking its CPU? algorithm What name is given to hackers who hack for a cause? hactivist What does the term vulnerability mean? a weakness that makes a target susceptible to an attack What does the acronym IoE represent? Internet of Everything What is the workforce framework category that includes highly specialized review and evaluation of incoming cybersecurity information to determine if it is useful for intelligence? Analyze What does the term BYOD represent? bring your own device Chapter 2: The Cybersecurity Cube What name is given to any changes to the original data such as users manually modifying data, programs processing and changing data, and equipment failures? modification What three design principles help to ensure high availability? (Choose three.) detect failures as they occur What two methods help to ensure system availability? (Choose two.) equipment maintenance What are two methods that ensure confidentiality? (Choose two.) encryption What are the three states of data? (Choose three.) at rest What are three types of sensitive information? (Choose three.) PII What are the three foundational principles of the cybersecurity domain? (Choose three.)
confidentiality What are two common hash functions? (Choose two.) SHA Which two methods help to ensure data integrity? (Choose two.) hashing What is a method of sending information from one device to another using removable media?
sneaker net What type of cybersecurity laws protect you from an organization that might want to share your sensitive data? privacy For the purpose of authentication, what three methods are used to verify identity? (Choose three.) something you know What principle prevents the disclosure of information to unauthorized people, resources, and processes? confidentiality What are three access control security services? (Choose three.) authentication What name is given to a storage device connected to a network? NAS What is a secure virtual network called that uses the public network? VPN What three tasks are accomplished by a comprehensive security policy? (Choose three.) sets rules for expected behavior What service determines which resources a user can access along with the operations that a user can perform? authorization What mechanism can organizations use to prevent accidental changes by authorized users?
version control What is identified by the first dimension of the cybersecurity cube? goals Chapter 3: Cybersecurity Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Attacks An attacker is sitting in front of a store and wirelessly copies emails and contact lists from nearby unsuspecting user devices. What type of attack is this? bluesnarfing What occurs on a computer when data goes beyond the limits of a buffer? a buffer overflow What are two of the tactics used by a social engineer to obtain personal information from an unsuspecting target? (Choose two.) urgency What is the term used when a malicious party sends a fraudulent email disguised as being from a legitimate, trusted source? phishing What does a rootkit modify? operating system What is the term used to describe an email that is targeting a specific person employed at a financial institution?
spear phishing A criminal is using software to obtain information about the computer of a user. What is the name of this type of software? spyware What is a vulnerability that allows criminals to inject scripts into web pages viewed by users?
Cross-site scripting Which term describes the sending of a short deceptive SMS message used to trick a target into visiting a website? smishing Which two reasons describe why WEP is a weak protocol? (Choose two.) The key is transmitted in
clear text A computer is presenting a user with a screen requesting payment before the user data is allowed to be accessed by the same user. What type of malware is this? a type of
ransomware What is the name for the type of software that generates revenue by generating annoying pop-ups? adware What is the meaning of the term logic bomb? a malicious program that uses a trigger to awaken the malicious code What type of attack targets an SQL database using the input field of a user? SQL injection What is the difference between a virus and a worm? Worms self-replicate but viruses do not What is the name given to a program or program code that bypasses normal authentication? backdoor What are two common indicators of spam mail? (Choose two.) The email has
misspelled words or punctuation errors or both Chapter 4: The Art of Protecting Secrets Which two terms are used to describe cipher keys? (Choose two.)
key length What cryptographic algorithm is used by the NSA and includes the use of elliptical curves for digital signature generation and key exchange? ECC Which term describes the technology that protects software from unauthorized access or modification? watermarking What encryption algorithm uses the same pre-shared key to encrypt and decrypt data? symmetric What encryption algorithm uses one key to encrypt data and a different key to decrypt data?
asymmetric What is the term used to describe the science of making and breaking secret codes? cryptology Which type of cipher is able to encrypt a fixed-length block of plaintext into a 128-bit block of ciphertext at any one time?
block Which three devices represent examples of physical access controls? (Choose three.) video cameras What term is used to describe the technology that replaces sensitive information with a nonsensitive version? masking Which asymmetric algorithm provides an electronic key exchange method to share the secret key? Diffie-Hellman What is the name of the method in which letters are rearranged to create the ciphertext?
transposition Match the description with the correct term. obfuscation - making a message confusing so it is harder to understand Which three processes are examples of logical access controls? (Choose three.) biometrics to validate physical characteristics What are three examples of administrative access controls? (Choose three.) policies and procedures Which 128-bit block cipher encryption algorithm does the US government use to protect classified information?
AES A warning banner that lists the negative outcomes of breaking company policy is displayed each time a computer user logs in to the machine. What type of access control is implemented? deterrent What term is used to describe concealing data in another file such as a graphic, audio, or other text file? steganography What type of cipher encrypts plaintext one byte or one bit at a time? stream Which three protocols use asymmetric key algorithms? (Choose three.) Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) Chapter 5: The Art of Ensuring Integrity What is the purpose of CSPRNG? to generate salt A user is connecting to an e-commerce server to buy some widgets for a company. The user connects to the site and notices there is no lock in the browser security status bar. The site does prompt for a username and password and the user is able to log in. What is the danger in proceeding with this transaction? The site is not using a digital certificate to secure the transaction, with the result that everything is in the clear What are three type of attacks that are preventable through the use of salting? (Choose three.) lookup tables What is the step by step process for creating a digital signature? Create a message digest; encrypt the digest with the private key of the sender; and bundle the message, encrypted digest, and public key together in order to sign the document Which method tries all possible passwords until a match is found? brute force Alice and Bob use the same password to login into the company network. This means both would have the exact same hash for their passwords. What could be implemented to prevent both password hashes from being the same? salting A user has been asked to implement IPsec for inbound external connections. The user plans to use SHA-1 as part of the implementation. The user wants to ensure the integrity and authenticity of the connection. What security tool can the user use? HMAC A user downloads an updated driver for a video card from a website. A warning message pops up saying the driver is not approved. What does this piece of software lack? digital signature An investigator finds a USB drive at a crime scene and wants to present it as evidence in court. The investigator takes the USB drive and creates a forensic image of it and takes a hash of both the original USB device and the image that was created. What is the investigator attempting to prove about the USB drive when the evidence is submitted in court? The data in the image is an exact copy and
nothing has been altered by the process A recent email sent throughout the company stated that there would be a change in security policy. The security officer who was presumed to have sent the message stated the message was not sent from the security office and the company may be a victim of a spoofed email. What could have been added to the message to ensure the message actually came from the person? digital signature Identify three situations in which the hashing function can be applied. (Choose three.) PKI A recent breach at a company was traced to the ability of a hacker to access the corporate database through the company website by using malformed data in the login form. What is the problem with the company website? poor input validation What are three NIST-approved digital signature algorithms? (Choose three.) RSA A user is evaluating the security infrastructure of a company and notices that some authentication systems are not using best practices when it comes to storing passwords. The user is able to crack passwords very fast and access sensitive data. The user wants to present a recommendation to the company on the proper implementation of salting to avoid password cracking techniques. What are three best practices in implementing salting? (Choose three.) A salt should be unique for each password A user is instructed by a boss to find a better method to secure passwords in transit. The user has researched several means to do so and has settled on using HMAC. What are the key elements needed to implement HMAC? secret key and message digest What are three validation criteria used for a validation rule? (Choose three.) format A user has created a new program and wants to distribute it to everyone in the company. The user wants to ensure that when the program is downloaded that the program is not changed while in transit. What can the user do to ensure that the program is not changed when downloaded? Create a hash of the program file that can be used to verify the integrity of the file after it is downloaded What is the standard for a public key infrastructure to manage digital certificates? x.509 What is a strength of using a hashing function? It is a one-way function and not
reversible A user is the database administrator for a company. The user has been asked to implement an integrity rule that states every table must have a primary key and that the column or columns chosen to be the primary key must be unique and not null. Which integrity requirement is the user implementing? entity integrity Chapter 6: The Five Nines Concept A user is asked to perform a risk analysis of a company. The user asks for the company asset database that contains a list of all equipment.The user uses this information as part of a risk analysis. Which type of risk analysis could be performed? quantitative A user is evaluating the network infrastructure of a company. The user noted many redundant systems and devices in place, but no overall evaluation of the network. In a report, the user emphasized the methods and configurations needed as a whole to make the network fault tolerant. What is the type of design the user is stressing?
resilient The CEO of a company is concerned that if a data breach should occur and customer data is exposed, the company could be sued. The CEO makes the decision to buy insurance for the company. What type of risk mitigation is the CEO implementing? transference A user is asked to evaluate the data center to improve availability for customers. The user notices that there is only one ISP connection, some of the equipment is out of warranty, there are no spare parts, and no one was monitoring the UPS which was tripped twice in one month. Which three deficiencies in high availability has the user identified? (Choose three.) single points of failure A security breach has happened at a major corporation. The incident team has responded and executed their incident response plan. During which phase are lessons learned applied? post-incident A team has been asked to create an incident response plan for security incidents. In what phase of an incident response plan does the team get management approval of the plan? preparation A user is asked to create a disaster recovery plan for a company. The user needs to have a few questions answered by management to proceed. Which three questions should the user ask management as part of the process of creating the plan? (Choose three.) Who is responsible for the process A user is asked to evaluate the security posture of a company. The user looks at past attempts to break into the company and evaluates the threats and exposures to create a report. Which type of risk analysis could the user perform? qualitative A company is concerned with traffic that flows through the network. There is a concern that there may be malware that exists that is not being blocked or eradicated by antivirus. What technology can be put in place to detect potential malware traffic on the network? IDS A user is redesigning a network for a small company and wants to ensure security at a reasonable price. The user deploys a new application-aware firewall with intrusion detection capabilities on the ISP connection. The user installs a second firewall to separate the company network from the public network. Additionally, the user installs an IPS on the internal network of the company. What approach is the user implementing? layered A user has completed a six month project to identify all data locations and catalog the location. The next step is to classify the data and produce some criteria on data sensitivity. Which two steps can the user take to classify the data? (Choose two.) Identify
sensitivity of the data A user needs to add redundancy to the routers in a company. What are the three options the user can use? (Choose three.) VRRP A user is running a routine audit of the server hardware in the company data center. Several servers are using single drives to host operating systems and multiple types of attached storage solutions for storing data. The user wants to offer a better solution to provide fault tolerance during a drive failure. Which solution is best? RAID A user was hired as the new security officer. One of the first projects was to take inventory of the company assets and create a comprehensive database. Which three pieces of information would the user want to capture in an asset database? (Choose three.) hardware network devices A user is purchasing a new server for the company data center. The user wants disk striping with parity on three disks. Which RAID level should the user implement? 5 A user is a consultant who is hired to prepare a report to Congress as to which industries should be required to maintain five nine availability. Which three industries should the user include in a report? (Choose three.) healthcare A user was hired by a company to provide a highly available network infrastructure. The user wants to build redundancy into the network in case of a switch failure, but wants to prevent Layer 2 looping. What would the user implement in the network? Spanning Tree Protocol Chapter 7: Protecting a Cybersecurity Domain The manager of desktop support wants to minimize downtime for workstations that crash or have other software-related issues. What are three advantages of using disk cloning? (Choose three.) easier to deploy new computers within the organization A user makes a request to implement a patch management service for a company. As part of the requisition the user needs to provide justification for the request. What three reasons can the user use to justify the request? (Choose three.) the ability to control when updates occur A user calls the help desk complaining that the password to access the wireless network has changed without warning. The user is allowed to change the password, but an hour later, the same thing occurs. What might be happening in this situation? rogue access
point A user is proposing the purchase of a patch management solution for a company. The user wants to give reasons why the company should spend money on a solution. What benefits does patch management provide? (Choose three.) Administrators can approve or deny patches A user calls the help desk complaining that an application was installed on the computer and the application cannot connect to the Internet. There are no antivirus warnings and the user can browse the Internet. What is the most likely cause of the problem?
computer firewall A company wants to implement biometric access to its data center. The company is concerned with people being able to circumvent the system by being falsely accepted as legitimate users. What type of error is false acceptance? Type II Why is WPA2 better than WPA? mandatory use of AES algorithms The company has many users who telecommute. A solution needs to be found so a secure communication channel can be established between the remote location of users and the company. What is a good solution for this situation? VPN Companies may have different operation centers that handle different issues with the IT operations. If an issue is related to network infrastructure, what operation center would be responsible? NOC What are three types of power issues that a technician should be concerned about? (Choose three.) spike An intern has started working in the support group. One duty is to set local policy for passwords on the workstations. What tool would be best to use? secpol.msc Which service will resolve a specific web address into an IP address of the destination web server? DNS The manager of a department suspects someone is trying to break into computers at night. You are asked to find out if this is the case. What logging would you enable? audit A new PC is taken out of the box, started up and connected to the Internet. Patches were downloaded and installed. Antivirus was updated. In order to further harden the operating system what can be done? Remove unnecessary programs and services Which three items are malware? (Choose three.) Trojan horse Why should WEP not be used in wireless networks today? easily crackable After a security audit for an organization, multiple accounts were found to have privileged access to systems and devices. Which three best practices for securing privileged accounts should be included in the audit report? (Choose three.) Secure password storage What is the difference between an HIDS and a firewall? An HIDS monitors operating systems on host
computers and processes file system activity. Firewalls allow or deny traffic between the computer and other systems An administrator of a small data center wants a flexible, secure method of remotely connecting to servers.Which protocol would be best to use? Secure Shell A user is asked to analyze the current state of a computer operating system. What should the user compare the current operating system against to identify potential vulnerabilities? a baseline The CIO wants to secure data on company laptops by implementing file encryption. The technician determines the best method is to encrypt each hard drive using Windows BitLocker. Which two things are needed to implement this solution? (Choose two.) at least two volumes Chapter 8: Becoming a Cybersecurity Specialist An auditor is asked to assess the LAN of a company for potential threats. What are three potential threats the auditor may point out? (Choose three.) a misconfigured firewall A school administrator is concerned with the disclosure of student information due to a breach. Under which act is student information protected? FERPA Why is Kali Linux a popular choice in testing the network security of an organization? It is an open source Linux security distribution and contains over 300 tools A security professional is asked to perform an analysis of the current state of a company network. What tool would the security professional use to scan the network only for security risks? vulnerability scanner A company is attempting to lower the cost in deploying commercial software and is considering a cloud based service. Which cloud based service would be best to host the software? SaaS What three services does CERT provide? (Choose three.) resolve software vulnerabilities What are three disclosure exemptions that pertain to the FOIA? (Choose three.) national security and foreign policy information As a security professional, there is a possibility to have access to sensitive data and assets. What is one item a security professional should understand in order to make informed ethical decisions? laws governing the data As part of HR policy in a company, an individual may opt-out of having information shared with any third party other than the employer. Which law protects the privacy of personal shared information? GLBA A consultant is hired to make recommendations on managing device threats in a company. What are three general recommendations that can be made? (Choose three.) Disable administrative rights for users Unauthorized visitors have entered a company office and are walking around the building. What two measures can be implemented to prevent unauthorized visitor access to the building? (Choose two.) Establish policies and procedures for guests visiting the building If a person knowingly accesses a government computer without permission, what federal act laws would the person be subject to? CFAA A breach occurs in a company that processes credit card information. Which industry specific law governs credit card data protection? PCI DSS An organization has implemented a private cloud infrastructure. The security administrator is asked to secure the infrastructure from potential threats. What three tactics can be implemented to protect the private cloud? (Choose three.) Update devices with security fixes and patches What can be used to rate threats by an impact score to emphasize important vulnerabilities? NVD What are two items that can be found on the Internet Storm Center website? (Choose two.) InfoSec reports What are the three broad categories for information security positions? (Choose three.) builders A company has had several incidents involving users downloading unauthorized software, using unauthorized websites, and using personal USB devices. The CIO wants to put in place a scheme to manage the user threats. What three things might be put in place to manage the threats? (Choose three.) Disable CD and USB access What are two potential threats to applications? (Choose two.) unauthorized access Which of the following are categories of security measure or controls?There are three primary areas or classifications of security controls. These include management security, operational security, and physical security controls.
What are the 4 types of security controls?One of the easiest and most straightforward models for classifying controls is by type: physical, technical, or administrative, and by function: preventative, detective, and corrective.
What are the 3 types of security controls?There are three main types of IT security controls including technical, administrative, and physical.
What are the 5 types of security?Cybersecurity can be categorized into five distinct types:. Critical infrastructure security.. Application security.. Network security.. Cloud security.. Internet of Things (IoT) security.. |
Which of the following are categories of security measures or controls? cisco
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