A, B, C, D, H
If lesions are present on the optic nerves, optic neuritis can occurs which can lead to blurry vision, pain when moving the eyes, and dark spots in the vision. If cerebellar lesions are found, this can affect movement, speech, and some cognitive abilities. This would present as dysarthria (issues articulating words), and balance/coordination issues. "Pill rolling" of the fingers and hands is found in Parkinson's disease. Ptosis is common in myasthenia gravis, and heat intolerance in thyroid issues.
Students also viewedChronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disorder who's exact cause is unknown.
Damages myelin sheaths of neurons in the CNS (making antibodies to the myelin sheath of neurons in CNS) --> wide variety of sensory and motor deficits
Periods of acute clinical exacerbation/attack (relapses) alternating with periods of complete or partial recovery (remissions)
Over time, symptoms grow progressively worse
Pathology:
-Multifocal regions of inflammation and myelin
destruction (brain, spinal cord, optic nerve)
-Demyelination: axonal/nerve conduction slowed or blocked
After an acute attack:
Inflammation subsides
-Damaged tissue replaced by astrocyte-derived filaments that form scars known as scleroses (fill in gaps of damaged tissue with connective tissue, forming scars)
-Some degree of recovery occurs (partial remyelination)
Functional axonal compensation
Development of alternative neuronal circuits that bypass the damaged region
Recurrent episdoes:
-Less complete recovery due to mounting astrocytic scarring, irreversible axonal injury, and death of neurons and oligodendrocytes
Signs and Symptoms:
Paresthesias
-Numbness
-tingling
-pins and needles sensation
Muscle or motor problems
-Weakness
-clumsiness
-ataxia (impaired balance/coordination)
-spasms
-spasticity
-tremors
-cramps
Visual impairment
-Blurred vision
-Double vision
-Blindness
Bladder
and bowel symptoms
-Incontinence
-Urinary urgency
-Urinary hesitancy
-Constipation
Other:
-Sexual dysfunction
-Disabling fatigue
-Emotional lability, depression, and cognitive impairment
-Slurred speech and dysphagia
-Dizziness and vertigo
-Neuropathic pain
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