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Terms in this set (23)Classical conditioning Is a type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus. Ivan pavlov His subjects were dogs restrained by harness in a chamber. He would present meat powder to a dog and then collect the resulting saliva. In his research progressed, He noticed that dogs accustomed to the procedure would start salivating before the meat powder was presented. They would salivate in response to a clicking sound made by the device that was used to present the meat powder. He then paired the presentation of the meat powder with various stimuli. He used a simple auditory stimulus the presentation of the tone. Ivan pavolv He built a broad theory of learning that attempted to explain aspects of emotion, temperament, neuroses, and language. Classical conditioning -can also be physiological. Spontaneous recovery -Is the reappearance of an extinguished response after a period of non exposure to the conditioned stimulus Extinction -The gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response tendency. When the conditioned stimulus constantly presented alone without the unconditioned stimulus. Acquisition -Initial stage of learning something Pavlov theorized condition response depends on stimulus contiguity. Stimulus generalization -Occurs when an organism that has learned a response to a specific stimulus responds in the same way that are similar to the original stimuli. Higher order conditioning -In which a conditioned stimulus functions as if it were an unconditioned stimulus Classical conditioning -is best explains reflexive responding that's largely controlled by stimuli that precede the response. Operant conditioning -Is a form of learning in which responses come to be controlled by their consequences. Classical conditioning -regulated reflexive, involuntary responses, whereas operant conditioning governed voluntary responses. response A ________ is strengthened because it is reward seeking. Shaping operant conditioning which consists of reinforcement of closer and closer approximations of a desired response Acquisition operant conditioning -in operant conditioning refers to the initial stage 9; learning new patterns of responding Extinction operant conditioning refers to the gradual weakening and disappearance of a response tendency because the response is no longer followed by a reinforcer. This means that the experimenter stops delivering food when the rat presses the lever. Schedule reinforcements -the reinforcer is given after a fixed number of non reinforced responses. variable internal schedule -The reinforcer is given for the first response after a variable interval elapsed. Positive reinforcement -Occurs when a response is strengthened because it is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus. Good grades, tasty meal, pay checks, scholarships,promotions, nice clothes, nifty cars, attention, and flattery are negative reinforcement -occurs when a response is strengthened because it is followed by the removal of an aversive (unpleasant stimulus). While the rat is in the Skinner box a moderate electric shock is delivered to the animal through the floor of the box. When the rat presses the level the shock is turned off for a period of time. Escape learning -is when an organism acquires a response that decreases or ends some Aversive stimulus. If you were to leave a party where you were getting picked on by peers, you would be engaging in an Instinctive drift -Occurs when an animal's innate response tendencies interfere with conditioning processes. Reinforcement -Occurs when an event following a response increases an organism's tendency to make that response. Sets with similar termsPsychology: Themes and Variations Chapter 6 vocab50 terms alexwyllie AP Psychology Chapter 645 terms Hershmyberger Chapter 6: Learning50 terms e_pereyraPLUS Chapter 6 first section: Learning (AP Psych)45 terms jahaag12 Other sets by this creatorAndrew's final exam19 terms teddysuzy98 Andrew's Earth Exam #2 Study guide15 terms teddysuzy98 TLS 373 Final40 terms teddysuzy98 Joaquin Study Guide PSY 15017 terms teddysuzy98 Verified questionsQUESTION Which of the following represents perceptual constancy? a. We recognize the taste of McDonald's food each time we eat it. b. In photos of people, the people almost always are perceived as figure and everything else as ground. c. We know that the color of a printed page has not changed as it moves from sunlight into shadow. d. From the time they are very young, most people can recognize the smell of a dentist's office. e. The cold water in a lake doesn't seem so cold after you have been swimming in it for a few minutes. Verified answer QUESTION A methodical, logical rule that guarantees solving a particular problem is called a(n) a. heuristic. b. algorithm. c. insight. d. mental set. e. confirmation bias. Verified answer
QUESTION Describe how each of the following types of evidence are used to determine whiter there is an intellectual decline as people age. • Evidence from cross-sectional studies • Evidence from longitudinal studies Verified answer
PSYCHOLOGY Match the term below with its correct definition. social-learning theory A. school of psychology concerned with how mental processes help organisms adapt to environments B. the study of behavior and mental processes C. school of psychology based on the idea that our perceptions of objects are more than the sums of their parts D. mental processes E. school of psychology concerned with discovering the basic elements of consciousness F. the theory that people can change their environments or create new ones G. a group of people who share a common culture race, or national origin H. school of psychology concerned with the scientific study of obseivable actions I. the theory that experiences often remind us of similar experiences in the past J. school of psychology that emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives in human behavior Verified answer Recommended textbook solutions
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What is the removal of an aversive stimulus that serves to increase a behavior?In an attempt to increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future, an operant response is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus. This is negative reinforcement.
When a response is weakened because it is followed by the removal of a rewarding stimulus it is called?Extinction is one explanation. In psychology, extinction refers to the gradual weakening of a conditioned response that results in the behavior decreasing or disappearing. In other words, the conditioned behavior eventually stops.
What is a aversive unconditioned stimulus?Unconditioned aversive stimuli naturally result in pain or discomfort and are often associated with biologically harmful or damaging substances or events. Examples include extreme heat or cold, bitter flavors, electric shocks, loud noises and pain.
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