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Terms in this set (38)Society Group of people who live in a definable territory and share the same culture. Preindustrial Societies Hunter gatherer, pastoral, horticultural, agricultural, feudal Hunter-Gatherer societies Demonstrate the strongest dependence on the environment of the various types of preindustrial societies. Based on kinship or tribes. Relied on surroundings for survival-hunted wild. When resources scarce moved to new area. Pastoral societies Relied on domestication of animals where circumstances permitted for survival. Began to recognize ability to tame and breed animals and to grow and cultivate own plants. Unlike hunter-gatherers, are able to to breed livestock for food, clothing, and transportation, creating surplus of goods. Specialized occupations began to develop and starting to trade with local groups. Horticultural societies Formed in areas where rainfall and other conditions allowed them to grow stable crops. Similar to hunter-gatherers in that they largely depended on environment for survival but were able to start permanent settlements. Basis for first revolution in human survival. Agricultural societies Relied on permanent tools for survival. Explosion of new technology made farming possible and profitable. Time where people engaged in more contemplative activities (eg art). Social classes and power structures emerge (men vs women). Slavery. Feudal societies Contain strict hierarchical system of power (handed down through family) based around land ownership, protection and mutual obligation. Social and economic system of feudalism surpassed by rise of capitalism from industrial era Industrial Society Europe dramatic rise in technology. New inventions that influenced people's daily lives. Result: increased wealth, productivity, and technology. People were less preoccupied with families land and tradition. Based on production of material goods. Information societies Postindustrial or digital societies. Based on production of non-material goods and services. Collective conscience Communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society. Social integration Strength of ties that people have to their social groups. Key factor in social life. Social deviants necessary, affirm values and norms. Society facts Social forces considered real and existed outside the individual. Mechanical solidarity Type of social order maintained through a minimal division of labor and a common collective consciousness. Low degree of social autonomy. Everyone knows their part in society. Organic solidarity Social order based around an acceptance of economic and social differences. Labor specialized. Sense of normlessness, people don't know where they stand. Chaos. Anomie Normlessness; without norms. Proletariat "free" wage laborers. Made largely of guild workers and serfs who were freed or expelled from their indentured labour in feudal and agricultural production. Alienation Condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from their society, work, or the sense of self and common humanity. No control over lives. Alienation from the product of one's labour An industrial worker does not have the opportunity to relate to the product they are working on. Do not care what they are making, just that they are working. Alienation from the process of one's labour Workers do not control the conditions of their jobs because they do not own the means of production. Taught how to do the job. Activity that does not belong to worker. Alienation from others Workers compete rather than cooperate. Alienation from one's humanity Loss of connectivity between a worker and what makes him or her truly human. False consciousness Condition in which the beliefs, ideals, or ideology of a person are not in the person's own best interest. Eg hard work is its own reward. Class consciousness Awareness of their actual material and political interests as members of a unified class. Eventually replaces false consciousness. Rationalization General tendency in modern society for all institutions and most areas of life to be transformed by the application of rationality. Formed around organization, technology, and efficiency rather than religion, or tradition Iron cage Culmination of industrialization and rationalization. Individual is trapped by the systems of efficiency that were enhanced well being of humanity. Habitualization Society is created by humans and human interaction. Describes how "any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern, which can be performed again in the future in the same manner". Institutionalization Act of implanting a convention or norm into society. Eg school exists as a school not just a building. Thomas theorem If men defines situations as real, they are real in their consequences. People's behavior can be determined by their subjective construction of reality rather than by objective reality. Eg label theory. Self-fulfilling prophecy Even a false idea can become true if it is acted on. Eg "bank run" Roles Patterns of behaviour that we recognize in each other that are representative of a person's social status. Eg I am playing role of a student Status Access to resources and benefits that a person experiences according to the rank or prestige of their role in society. Ascribed status Status you do not select, such as son, female Achieved status Obtained by personal effort or choice, such as high school drop out, nurse Role-set Array of roles Role strain Too much required of a single role, eg a parent Role conflict When one or more roles are contradictory eg parent with full time career Role performance How a person expresses their role. Person is like an actor on a stage. Each situation a new scene. Looking-glass self We base our image on what we think other people see. We imagine how we appear to others. 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economics Tom is a mushroom farmer. He invests all his spare cash in additional mushrooms, which grow on otherwise useless land behind his barn. The mushrooms double in size during their first year, after which time they are harvested and sold at a constant price per pound. Tom’s friend Dick asks Tom for a loan of $200, which he promises to repay after 1 year. How much interest will Dick have to pay Tom in order for Tom to be no worse off than if he had not made the loan? Verified answer
algebra When you lease a car you are responsible for returning the car in good condition that has only the normal amount of wear and tear. How would you define what is normal "wear and tear? " Do you think your lease contract defines it in the same way? Verified answer
finance Bob Banker is the manager of one location of the Fastwhere Inc. chain, which is a delivery service. Banker's location is currently earning an ROI of 14 percent on existing average capital of $\$ 750,000$. The minimum required return for Fastwhere Inc. is 12 percent. Banker is considering several additional investment projects, which are independent of existing operations and are independent of each other. The following table lists the projects: | Project | Required Capital | ROI | | :---: | :---: | :--- | | A-1 | $150,000 | 14.1% | | A-2 | 300,000 | 20 | | A-3 | 250,000 | 13.5 | | A-4 | 400,000 | 12.5 | | A-5 | 500,000 | 9.8 | **Instructions** b. Which projects increase the value of Fastwhere Inc.? Verified answer economics Why would an investment in education lead to better wages? Verified answer Recommended textbook solutions
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In which type of society much of the economy is involved in providing information and services?In a preindustrial society much of the economy is involved in providing information and services. Impersonal relationships are due to job specialization.
What are the 4 types of society?Hunting-Gathering societies.. Horticultural societies.. Agrarian societies.. Industrial societies.. Post-industrial societies.. Which type of society is based on the production of nonmaterial goods and services?Key Terms Chapter 04: Society and Social Interactions. |
What type of society is based on the production of information and services quizlet?
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