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Traditional research form, als called scientific method, or postitivist research, and empirical science. It challenges the notion of absolute truth of knowledge, we cannot be "positive" about claims of knowledge. Based on Comte, Mill, Newton, Locke and Durkheim. Problems studied reflect need to identify causes that influence outcome. It is reductionistic, meaning to reduce idea into small discrete set of ideas to test. Knowledge gathered is based on observations. As laws and theories govern the world, these need to be tested and verified. Begins with theory, data collection supporting or refuting theory. Instead of saying they proved a theory they "fail to reject the hypothesis".
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Terms in this set (58)
Although quantitative and qualitative research methods have advantages, mixed methods researchers generally consider single approach or monomethod research studies to be ____________________________ in addressing many research questions.
fully sufficient
Limiting
fully assertive
Limiting
John Dewey suggested that good research provides the researcher with warranted assertibility. What is warranted assertibility?
The belief that survey samples from the quantitative side of the research project will provide a place to begin planning for the qualitative side.
The belief that with the proper mix of qualitative and quantitative research a researcher can ensure that his or her findings are absolutely true.
The belief that qualitative research will provide a deductive foundation on which the quantitative research can be structured.
The belief that although a researcher cannot provide absolute truth, high-quality research can provide evidence that will be good enough for most purposes.
The belief that although a researcher cannot provide absolute truth, high-quality research can provide evidence that will be good enough for most purposes.
Your claims have _________ ____________ when you have good evidence supporting your research claims.
warranted assertibility
Triangulation
Seeks convergence, correspondence, and corroboration of results from different methods.
Development
Seeks to use the results from one method to develop or inform the other method, where development is broadly construed to include sampling and implementation as well as measurement decisions.
Initiation
Seeks the discovery of paradox and contradiction, new perspectives and new frameworks, and the recasting of questions or results from one method with questions or results from the other method.
Expansion
Seeks to extend the breadth and range of inquiry by using different methods for different inquiry components.
If a mixed methods research study intends to uncover unique perspectives and inconsistencies, which of the following is considered the study's purpose?
Triangulation
Development
Initiation
Expansion
Initiation
In a mixed methods research study, when the researcher wants to focus on the purpose of complementarity , focus will be placed on the enhancement, illustration, and clarification of results from one method with that of another. Which of the following also falls under this purpose?
Elaboration
Exaggeration
Extension of the breadth of the study
Elaboration
What is purpose of a mixed method study that is conducted to extend the breadth and range of inquiry by using different methods for different inquiry components?
Complementary
Triangulation
Expansion
Initiation
Expansion
On which principle do mixed methods researchers base their design and research?
Relativism
Pragmatism
Realism
Pluralism
Pragmatism
When designing a mixed methods study, which two factors must a researcher consider when combining qualitative and quantitative approaches?
Time Order
Compatibility
Research-approach emphasis
Sample Relationship
Quantitizing
Research-approach emphasis
Time Order
What are the two primary differences between mono and multi-analysis techniques in mixed research? Choose 2 answers
Types of data
analyzed
Number of variables
The type of validity
The number of forms of analysis
The number of forms of analysis
Types of data analyzed
What are three strengths of mixed methods research?Choose 3 answers
It uses strengths of one method to overcome the limitations in another method.
It empowers local practitioners to contribute to knowledge.
It provides stronger evidence for corroboration of findings through triangulation.
It is useful for testing hypotheses constructed before data are collected.
It provides stronger evidence for a conclusion through convergence.
It is effective for testing and validating theories that have already been constructed.
It uses strengths of one method to overcome the limitations in another method.
It provides stronger evidence for corroboration of findings through triangulation.
It provides stronger evidence for a conclusion through convergence.
A study uses qualitative observation methods, followed by quantitative data analysis methods. This is an example of what kind of study conduct?
Sequential
Synchronized
Concurrent
Sequential
By combining two or more research methods in a research study, researchers can make it less likely that what will happen?
They will cover every aspect and perspective.
They will make a mistake.
They will collect all applicable data.
They will make a mistake.
Mixed research considers human thought and behavior to be partially predictable and have many sources of influence. Which of the following is also a view of behavior held by mixed researchers?
Dynamic
Dialectical
pragmatism
Pluralism
Dynamic
If a mixed research study uses a nested concurrent sampling design, then which of the following best represents this design?
Quantitative and qualitative data are collected at the same time on the same individuals who are participating in both the quantitative and qualitative phases of the study.
Quantitative and qualitative data are collected at the same time, but with the qualitative sample being a subset of the quantitative sample.
Quantitative and qualitative data are collected one after the other, but with the quantitative sample being a subset of the qualitative sample.
Quantitative and qualitative data are collected at the same time, but with the qualitative sample being a subset of the quantitative sample.
If a mixed research study uses a nested sequential sampling design, then which of the following best represents this design?
Quantitative and qualitative data are collected one after the other on the same individuals who are participating in both the quantitative and qualitative phases of the study.
Quantitative and qualitative data are collected one after the other, but with the quantitative sample being a subset of the qualitative sample.
Quantitative and qualitative data are collected at the same time, but with the qualitative sample being a subset of the quantitative sample.
Quantitative and qualitative data are collected one after the other, but with the quantitative sample being a subset of the qualitative sample.
Which of the following is an important consideration before making the final decision to design a mixed study?
Make sure the study will be published.
Make sure the study has a good title.
Make sure
the study being planned is feasible.
Make sure the study being planned is feasible.
Which analysis procedure focuses on decreasing the number of dimensions in the quantitative and/or qualitative data?
Data consolidation
Data integration
Data reduction
Data reduction
When qualitative and quantitative data are analyzed using qualitative techniques within a single study, this is reflective of which of the following?
Monodata-multianalysis
Multidata-multianalysis
Multidata-monoanalysis
Multidata-monoanalysis
The compatibility thesis states that quantitative and qualitative approaches can be used together in a single research study as long as researchers construct a thoughtful combination that will help to address their research question, as well as adhere to which of the following?
Respect assumptions of quantitative methods over qualitative methods
Respect assumptions of qualitative methods over quantitative methods
Respect for the assumptions of each method equally
Respect for the assumptions of each method equally
Which of the following is an important consideration before making the final decision to design a mixed study?
Make sure the study will be published.
Make sure the study has a good title.
Make sure the study being planned is feasible.
Make sure the study being planned is feasible.
All of the following are types of mixed data analysis except __________.
monodata-multianalysis
monodata-monoanalysis
multidata-monoanalysis
monodata-monoanalysis
There are still some details of mixed research that remain to be worked out by research methodologists, including all of the following except __________.
techniques for quantitatively analyzing qualitative data
problems of paradigm mixing
how to interpret conflicting results
techniques for quantitatively analyzing qualitative data
Some details of mixed research remaining to be worked out by research methodologists include problems of paradigm mixing, how to interpret conflicting results, and __________.
mixed data analysis
techniques for qualitatively analyzing quantitative data
mixed sampling design
mixed data analysis
Which analysis procedure focuses on taking quantitative and qualitative data findings and building a coherent whole?
Data
integration
Data reduction
Data consolidation
Data integration
Which mixed research purpose seeks to "use the results from one method to inform the other method" by including sampling and implementation?
Expansion
Development
Initiation
Development
Which mixed research purpose seeks to "broaden the breadth and range of inquiry" by combining research methods?
Development
Initiation
Expansion
Expansion
Which phrase refers to a researcher providing stronger evidence for a conclusion through convergence and corroboration of findings?
Practical theory
Principle of nonoverlapping weaknesses
Principle of triangulation
Principle of triangulation
All of the following are limitations of mixed research studies, except : __________.
It can concurrently study nomothetic (general) and idiographic (particularistic or local) causation and produce "practical theory"
It is difficult for a single researcher to carry out both qualitative and quantitative research, especially if two or more approaches are expected to be done concurrently
It is more time-consuming
It can concurrently study nomothetic (general) and idiographic (particularistic or local) causation and produce "practical theory"
All of the following are strengths of mixed methods research, except : __________.
It can add insights and understanding that might be missed when only a single method is used
Some of the details of mixed research remain to be worked out by research methodologists
It has the ability to produce practical theory (i.e., theory that works locally)
Some of the details of mixed research remain to be worked out by research methodologists
Strength/Limitation of Mixed Methods
It can provide fuller, deeper, more meaningful answers to a single research question.
Strength
Strength/Limitation of Mixed Methods: It is more time-consuming and more expensive.
Limitation
Strength/Limitation of Mixed Methods: Combining qualitative and quantitative research produces integrated knowledge that best informs theory and practice.
Strength
Strength/Limitation of Mixed Methods: It can address and answer a broader and more complete range of research questions and provide fuller answers.
Strength
Strength/Limitation: When conducted by a single researcher, it can be difficult logistically (especially in a concurrent design) and it requires the researcher to have deep knowledge of both qualitative and quantitative research.
Limitation
A study on 12th grade AP English Literature curriculum pulls test scores of students in one classroom for the quantitative phase of the study. A few weeks later, open-ended questionnaires are used to collect data from students in a different classroom in the same school for the qualitative phase.
Nested concurrent
Identical concurrent
Parallel sequential
Multilevel sequential
Parellel
A study on elementary math skills simultaneously collects classroom data using teacher interviews in its qualitative phase and individual students' achievement scores from that classroom in its quantitative phase.
Identical sequential
Nested concurrent
Multilevel concurrent
Parallel sequential
Multilevel concurrent
A study on new technology integration collects ratings-scale questionnaire data from a middle-school's faculty for the quantitative phase. Evaluation of the data from the quantitative phase leads to in-depth observation of two of the middle school faculty for the qualitative phase that takes place two months later.
Parallel concurrent
Nested sequential
Multilevel concurrent
Identical sequential
Nested sequential
When a researcher collects qualitative and quantitative data through a mixed version of one method of data collection such as a mixed questionnaire, this is known as what?
Intermethod mixing
Intramethod mixing
Intramethod mixing
A mixed methods researcher is studying the effect of recently changed curriculum standards. Which of the following would best reflect intermethod mixing data collection?
Interviewing both teachers and students for insider perspectives
Comparing test scores from the current and
previous school year
Obtaining test scores and interviewing students
Obtaining test scores and interviewing students
When a mixed methods research study considers the relative weight given to quantitative or qualitative parts, or if one is the core part of the study, this is known as __________.
time orientation decision
paradigm/research-approach emphasis decision
complementarity
paradigm/research-approach emphasis decision
In the Mixed Methods Design Matrix, the use of a plus sign indicates __________.
concurrent data collection in the mixed methods design
sequential data collection in the mixed methods design
priority (primary or supplemental) of use of the qualitative and quantitative approaches
concurrent data collection in the mixed methods design
In terms of mixed methods design, "QUAN → qual" refers to __________.
a predominately quantitative core design supplemented by qualitative approaches
a concurrent design with the researcher listening to and interacting equally with the quantitative and qualitative approaches
a qualitative core design supplemented by quantitative approaches
a predominately quantitative core design supplemented by qualitative approaches
In mixed methods research, one important kind of legitimation or validity requires that the researcher strategically alternate between the qualitative or emic perspective and the quantitative or etic perspective. Through this process the researcher attempts to create an integrated viewpoint. When this is done successfully, the researcher will have achieved __________.
weakness minimization validity
inside-outside
validity
sociopolitical validity
inside-outside validity
Most of the time, the mixed methods researcher collects qualitative and quantitative data. When this researcher makes appropriate claims from the quantitative data (perhaps a generalization was made from a random sample) and makes appropriate claims from the qualitative data (perhaps in-depth interviews provided deep understanding of the participants' perspectives), this researcher has achieved __________.
inside-outside validity
sequential validity
sample integration validity
sample integration validity
The researcher has obtained what kind of validity in mixed methods research when he or she has addressed the relevant various mixed validity types as well as the kinds of validity required for the qualitative and quantitative parts of the research study?
sequential validity
multiple validities
paradigmatic/philosophical validity
multiple validities
Good mixed methods research understands and integrates the important ideas from the quantitative and qualitative data, findings, and perspectives. This is called __________.
emic perspective
statistical generalization
meta-inference
meta-inference
Mixed methods researchers reject which philosophical belief?
Incompatibility thesis
Compatibility thesis
Pragmatism
Incompatibility thesis
The philosophy of ________________ is popular in mixed methods research.
Realism
Pragmatism
Ontology
Pragmatism
Mixed methods researchers usually agree with the __________.
realism thesis
compatibility thesis
incompatibility thesis
compatibility thesis
The _______________ of mixed methods research often values the standard of determining what works for whom in particular contexts.
Ontology
Epistemology
Epistemology
T/F: Mixed methods research assumes that thought and behavior are partially predictable and dynamic, and often complex.
True
Assumption of the reality of subjective (personal experience), intersubjective (e.g., languages and cultures), and objective or material realities (e.g., material reality that will be present when humans are long gone such as mountains, oceans, and stars) is part of the ___________________ of mixed methods research.
Ontology
Epistemology
Ontology
T/F Mixed methods research employs a narrow-angle lens rather than a multi-angle lens of research focus.
False
T/F Mixed methods research contends that human behavior and thought is both complex and predictable to a degree.
True
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QUESTION
Brooks Sporting Inc. is prepared to report the following 2016 income statement (shown in thousands of dollars). $$ \begin{matrix} \text{Sales} & \text{\$ 15.300}\\ \text{Operating costs including depreciation} & \text{12.240}\\ \text{EBIT} & \text{\$ 30.60}\\ \text{Interest} & \text{330}\\ \text{EBT} & \text{\$ 2.730}\\ \text{Taxes (40\\%)} & \text{1.092}\\ \text{Net income} & \text{\$ 1.638}\\ \end{matrix} $$ Prior to reporting this income statement, the company wants to determine its annual dividend. The company has 320,000 shares of common stock outstanding, and its stock trades at $37 per share. a. The company had a 25% dividend payout ratio in 2015. If Brooks wants to maintain this payout ratio in 2016, what will be its per-share dividend in 2016? b. If the company maintains this 25% payout ratio, what will be the current dividend yield on the company’s stock? c. The company reported net income of$1.35 million in 2015.Assume that the number of shares outstanding has remained constant.What was the company’s per-share dividend in 2015? d. As an alternative to maintaining the same dividend payout ratio, Brooks is considering maintaining the same per-share dividend in 2016 that it paid in 2015. If it chooses this policy, what will be the company’s dividend payout ratio in 2016? e. Assume that the company is interested in dramatically expanding its operations and that this expansion will require significant amounts of capital. The company would like to avoid transactions costs involved in issuing new equity. Given this scenario, would it make more sense for the company to maintain a constant dividend payout ratio or to maintain the same per-share dividend? Explain.
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QUESTION
Assume that yields on U.S. Treasury securities were as follows: $$ \begin{matrix} \text{Term} & \text{Rate}\\ \text{6 monts} & \text{4.69 \\%}\\ \text{1 year} & \text{5.49}\\ \text{2 years} & \text{5.66}\\ \text{3 years} & \text{5.71}\\ \text{4 years} & \text{5.89}\\ \text{5 years} & \text{6.05}\\ \text{10 years} & \text{6.12}\\ \text{20 years} & \text{6.64}\\ \text{30 years} & \text{6.73}\\ \end{matrix} $$ a. Plot a yield curve based on these data. b. What type of yield curve is shown? c. What information does this graph tell you? d. Based on this yield curve, if you needed to borrow money for longer than 1 year, would it make sense for you to borrow short term and renew the loan or borrow long term? Explain.
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QUESTION
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QUESTION
Which of the following statements is most correct? a. If a firm’s expected basic earning power (BEP) is constant for all of its assets and exceeds the interest rate on its debt, adding assets and financing them with debt will raise the firm’s expected return on common equity (ROE). b. The higher a firm’s tax rate, the lower its BEP ratio, other things held constant. c. The higher the interest rate on a firm’s debt, the lower its BEP ratio, other things held constant. d. The higher a firm’s debt ratio, the lower its BEP ratio, other things held constant. e. Statement a is false; but statements b, c, and d are true.
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