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refers to the extent of detail within the data (fine and detailed or coarse and abstract | Data Granularity |
encompasses all raw facts contained within a single process and its purpose is to support daily operational tasks. | Transactional Data |
encompasses all organizational data, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of managerial analysis or semistructured decisions. | Analytical Data |
Examples of Analytical Data | Future Projections, Sales Trends, Market Projection |
occurs when the same data element has different values | Data Inconsistency |
measure of the quality of data | Data Integrity |
occurs when a company examines its data to determine if it can meet business expectations, while identifying possible data gaps or where missing data might exist | Data Gap Analysis |
the management and oversight of an organization’s data assets to help provide business users with high-quality data that is easily accessible in a consistent manne | Data Stewardship |
responsible for ensuring the policies and procedures are implemented across the organization and acts as a liaison between the MIS department and the business | Data Steward |
refers to the overall management of the availability, usability, integrity, and security of company data | Data Governance |
maintains data about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses) | Database |
creates, reads, updates, and deletes data in a database while controlling access and security | Database Management System |
tool helps users graphically design the answer to a question against a database | Query by Example |
Four functions that a database management system can perform on data in a database | Read data, Create data, Delete data, Update data |
asks users to write lines of code to answer questions against a database | Structured Data Query |
synonym for data element, the smallest or basic unit of data in a database | Data Field |
logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures. | Data Models |
tool that consists of lines of code (in contrast to a graphical design) for answering questions against a database? | Structured Data Query |
provides details about data. | Metadata |
helps users graphically design the answer to a question against a database | Query by Example |
compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model | Data Dictionary |
stores data about a person, place, thing, transaction, or event | Entity |
data elements associated with an entity | Data Attributes |
field that uniquely identifies a given record in a table | Primary Key |
three terms for the data elements associated with an entity | Fields, Attributes, Columns |
Three statements reflecting the business advantages of a relational database. | Reduced data redundancy, Increased data security, Increased data integrity |
focuses on how individual users logically access information to meet their own particular business needs | Logical View of Information |
time it takes for data to be stored or retrieved | Data Latency |
rules that help ensure the quality of data | Integrity Constraints |
Rules that enforce basic and fundamental information-based constraints, such as not creating an order for a nonexistent customer? | Relational Integrity Constraints |
rule defines how a company performs certain aspects of its business and typically results in either a yes/no or true/false answer | Business Rule |
enforce business rules vital to an organization’s success and often require more insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints. | Business Critical Integrity Constraints |
a broad administrative area that deals with identifying individuals in a system and controlling their access to resources within that system by associating user rights and restrictions with the established identity? | Identity management |
compare two or more data sets to identify patterns and trends | Comparative Analysis |
identifies the primary location where data is collected | Source Data |
three reasons why operational systems are not appropriate for business analysis. | Information from other operational applications is not included, Operational information is mainly current, Operational systems are not integrated |
the collection of data from various sources for the purpose of data processing. | Data Aggregation |
a logical collection of data, gathered from many different operational databases, that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks? | Data Warehouse |
organized collection of data | Data Set |
contains a subset of data warehouse data | Data Mart |
occurs when a company keeps tabs of its competitor’s activities on the web using software that automatically tracks all competitor website activities such as discounts and new products? | Competitive Monitoring |
technique for establishing a match, or balance, between the source data and the target data warehouse | Data Map |
a storage repository that holds a vast amount of raw data in its original format until the business needs it | Data Lake |
an approach to business governance that values decisions that can be backed up with verifiable data | Data Driven Decision Management |
a business analytics specialist who uses visual tools to help people understand complex data | Data Artist |
technologies that allow users to “see” or visualize data to transform information into a business perspective | Data Visualization |
What moves beyond Excel graphs and charts into sophisticated analysis techniques such as pie charts, controls, instruments, maps, time-series graphs, and more? | Data Visualization Tools |
What tracks corporate metrics such as critical success factors and key performance indicators and include advanced capabilities such as interactive controls allowing users to manipulate data for analysis? | Business Intelligence Dashboards |
a business analytics specialist who uses visual tools to help people understand complex data | Data Artist |
processes and manages algorithms across many machines in a computing environment. | Distributed Computing |
records classified and summarized transactional data | Ledger |
a type of distribution ledger, consisting of blocks of data that maintain a permanent and tamper-proof record of transactional data | BlockChain |
Proof-of-work is a requirement to define an expensive computer calculation, also called _________, that needs to be performed in order to create a new group of trustless transactions (blocks) on the distributed ledger or blockchain. | Mining |
A blockchain is formed by linking ______, data structures containing a hash, previous hash, and data. | Blocks |
first block created in the blockchain. | Genesis |
What is a requirement to define an expensive computer calculation, also called mining, that needs to be performed in order to create a new group of trustless transactions (blocks) on the distributed ledger or blockchain? | Proof of Work |
a function that converts an input of letters and numbers into an encrypted output of a fixed length. | Hash |
a way to validate transactions and achieve a distributed consensus | Proof of Stake |
the ability for a blockchain ledger to remain a permanent, indelible, and unalterable history of transactions. | Immutability |
encompasses all organizational data and its primary purpose is to support the performing of managerial analysis tasks? | Analytical Data |
Three unique characteristic of high-quality data | Are there any duplicate customers, Are there any duplicate orders, Is each transaction and event represented only once in the data |
What is it called when each transaction, entity, and event is represented only once in the data? | Uniqueness |
What is the term for the management and oversight of an organization’s data assets to help provide business users with high-quality data that is easily accessible in a consistent manner? | Data Stewardship |
Which of the following represents the different data granularities? | Detail, Summary, Aggregate |
Most people request real-time data without understanding that continual __________ is one of its biggest pitfalls | Change |
Which of the following lists include all of the five characteristics common to high-quality data? | Accuracy, completeness, consistency, timeliness, uniqueness. |
Which of the following is correct in reference to a database? | A database can support many logical views |
The example the book gave of www.EllisIsland.org, which generates more than 2.5 billion hits, is a site that offers a database that can easily adjust to handle massive volumes of data. What is this an example of? | Increased scalability and performance. |
Which of the following focuses on how individual users logically access data to meet their own particular business needs? | Logical View |
What includes invoices, spreadsheets, time sheets, and transactions? | Source Data |
What is a central location in which data is stored and managed? | Repository |
Although she does not have a background in technology, her job requires her to work with analytical tools to make data-driven decisions. To make her job easier, what can she customize to display data quickly and run custom reports? | Dashboard |
A process that loads data into a data warehouse, A process that extracts data from internal and external databases, A process that transforms data using a common set of enterprise definitions. | ETL |
What do data warehouses support? | OLAP and Analytical Processing |
What is the ultimate outcome of a data warehouse? | Data Marts |
What is the primary purpose of a data warehouse? | Combine Strategic Data |
In a block in a blockchain what represents the transactional data, sender, receiver, and number of coins? | Data |
What are the three advantages of using blockchain technology? | Internet of things intergration, immutability, digital trust |
In a block in a blockchain what represents blocks unique identifier like a fingerprint? | Hash |
What is the term for when a company examines its data to determine if it can meet business expectations while identifying possible data gaps?
A gap analysis is the process companies use to compare their current performance with their desired, expected performance. This analysis is used to determine whether a company is meeting expectations and using its resources effectively.
What is the term for the tests and evaluations used to determine compliance?
Validation is the tests and evaluations used to determine compliance with security specifications and requirements.
What is the term for the time it takes for data to be stored or retrieved?
Data latency is the time it takes for data packets to be stored or retrieved. In business intelligence (BI), data latency is how long it takes for a business user to retrieve source data from a data warehouse or BI dashboard.
What does the term data stewardship mean?
Data stewardship is the management and oversight of an organization's data assets to help provide business users with high-quality data that is easily accessible in a consistent manner.