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vocabulary for manufacturing
Terms in this set (48)
manufacturing
includes all steps necessary to convert raw materials, components, or parts into finished goods that meet a customer's expectations or specifications
control
a mechanism that controls the operation of a machine
durable goods
goods that last for a relatively long time, such as refrigerators, cars, and DVD players
nondurable goods
goods that last a short period of time, such as food, light bulbs, and sneakers
custom production
a manufacturing system that involves producing a limited quantity of a product to a customer's specifications. This system is used for items too large for an assembly line or for very limited demand.
batch production
a flexible manufacturing system that involves producing small quantities of a product to a customer's specifications. This system is used for factories that produce a large variety of products and for items that do not have a large demand.
continuous production
a manufacturing system in which a large quantity of the same product is made using assembly lines. This system is used for goods with a very high demand.
overhead costs
expenses and manufacturing costs that are indirect and cannot be matched with a particular product. Examples include: upper management, advertising, taxes, and utilities.
primary manufacturing
produces usable products and industrial materials from raw materials. For example, wood is processed into pulp and paper.
secondary manufacturing
transformation of industrial materials into finished products. For example, standard-sized pieces of steel and other materials are processed and assembled into a bicycle.
mechanical processing
a type of manufacturing process, in which the appearance of an object is altered by any physical means. For example, drilling a hole in a piece of wood, or applying a force to bend a metal rod.
thermal processing
a type of manufacturing process, in which the appearance of an object is altered by applying heat. For example, metal can be melted and poured into a mold.
chemical processing
a type of manufacturing process, in which chemicals are used to change the form of materials. The chemicals change the structure of the material's molecules.
electrochemical processing
a type of manufacturing process, in which chemicals and an electric current are used to change the form of materials.
casting/molding
The manufacturing process of pouring molten material into a die cast/mold.
forming
a manufacturing process that changes the size and shape of a material by a combination of force and a shaped form.
machining
a manufacturing process designed to change the size, shape, and surface of a material by use of a mechanized cutting tool.
automation
production processes monitored and controlled by machines with only minimal supervision from people
Computer Integrated Manufacturing
a factory management system for linking all aspects of factory activities through an integrating computer system.
Just In Time
A logistics process in which goods arrive when needed for production, use, or sale rather than sitting in storage.
Concurrent Engineering
A factory management system for integrating many aspects of product design, development, and manufacture so that multiple departments can communicate and alter designs through all stages of the design process.
Lean Manufacturing
A factory management philosophy that strives to achieve the highest possible productivity and total quality, cost effectively, by eliminating unnecessary steps in the manufacturing process and continually striving for improvement.
Rapid Prototyping
a manufacturing process by which a solid physical model of a part is made directly from 3-D CAD model data. A machine slices the data into thin cross sections, and constructs layers from the bottom up, bonding one of top of the other, to produce physical prototypes.
Computer Aided Design
drawing and drafting software that enables users to create and edit blueprints and design drawings quickly and easily
prototype
a full-scale working model used to test a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments.
Cellular Manufacturing
factory layout in which machines are grouped into a cell that can process items that have similar processing requirements
Total Quality Management
a factory philosophy that involves everyone in an organization in a continual effort to improve quality and achieve customer satisfaction
conditioning
controlled heating and cooling of material (mostly metals) to alter its properties while maintaining its shape.
manufacturing engineer
a person who simplifies designs for manufacturing and develops methods for mass production
industrial engineer
a person who is responsible for manufacturing system design and layout of factory, selecting machines, equipment, and accessories to be purchased, based on the recommendations the others involved in the engineer team
materials engineer
a person who develops and selects materials based on desired material properties and manufacturing processes
manufacturing processes
a series of operations that transform raw or unfinished materials into finished products
rolling
a manufacturing process in which a heated or cold material is passed between rollers, squeezing it into various shapes and thicknesses.
forging
a manufacturing process in which metal is heated until it softens and then a force is applied to it to change its shape.
extrusion
manufacturing process that forces material through a shaped opening.
turning
a process in which the material to be cut (the workpiece) is spun by a machine called a lathe
milling
a process of cutting or material removal, which combines a rotating cutter and a traversing worktable
drilling
is a cutting process that uses a bit to cut or enlarge a hole in solid materials.
shearing
removing material by cutting off or clipping
abrasive machining
is a material-removal process that involves the interaction of abrasive grits with the work piece at high cutting speeds and shallow penetration depth.
mechanical fastener
A hardware device, such as a bolt or screw, that is used to mechanically join or affix two or more plastic objects together.
welding
fastening two pieces of metal together by softening with heat and applying pressure
adhesive bonding
A joining technique in which a third substance bonds one material to another material such as metal, rubber, ceramic, glass, or wood.
soldering
Process of joining two metallic surfaces to make an electrical contact by melting solder (usually tin and lead) across them.
brazing
the process of joining metal with a filler rod that melts at a temperature below the metal being joined
injection molding
A process during which plastic is heated in a machine and forced into a cavity by a screw or ram. The material solidifies and is then ejected.
rotational molding
process to create hollow plastic parts.
Ex.: hollow chocolate bunny
blow molding
Process during which a "bubble" of molten polymer is blown up like a balloon inside a hollow mold. This is how bottles are formed
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(a) An immersion heater utilizing 120 V can raise the temperature of a $1.00 \times 10^{2}-\mathrm{g}$ aluminum cup containing 350 g of water from $20.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to $95.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ in 2.00 min. Find its resistance, assuming it is constant during the process. (b) A lower resistance would shorten the heating time. Discuss the practical limits to speeding the heating by lowering the resistance.
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