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Which of the following is the proper description of the human body in the anatomical position?
1. The body is erect with feet slightly apart and palms facing forward with thumbs pointing away from the body.
2. The body is erect with feet together, palms facing backward, and thumbs pointing toward the body.
3. The body is erect with feet slightly apart and arms extending perpendicular to the torso along a straight line with the clavicle.
4. The body is erect with feet together and palms facing the thighs with thumbs pointing forward.
1. The body is erect with feet slightly apart and palms facing forward with thumbs pointing away from the body.
In the anatomical position, the body is erect with feet slightly apart and arms at the sides. This position is easy to remember because it resembles "standing at attention," except that the palms face forward and the thumbs point away from the body.
Anatomical position is important because ________.
1. it allows a common point of reference for body position to help communicate anatomical relationships
2. it is the position most comfortable to hospital patients
3. it allows diagrams within textbooks to display a greater surface area of the body with one simple diagram
4. it provides the greatest circulation to the extremities
1. it allows a common point of reference for body position to help communicate anatomical relationships
Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.
1. The stomach is to the spine.
2. The upper arm is to the forearm.
3. The fingers are to the wrist.
4. The bridge of the nose is to the left eye.
5. The lungs are to the heart.
1. Anterior
2. Proximal
3. Distal
4. Medial
5. Lateral
Which directional term is used to describe the relationship of the skin to the skeletal muscles?
lateral
superficial
deep
medial
Superficial
The skin covers the outside of the body; thus, it is superficial, or external, to the skeletal muscles.
The knee is proximal to the thigh.
True
False
False
Proximal means closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk. Distal means farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk. In this case, because the thigh is closer to the body trunk than the knee, the knee is distal (not proximal) to the thigh.
Which of the following is the regional term that includes the head?
superior
appendicular
axial
coronal
axial
Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.
1. : Arm.
2. : Buttock.
3. : Head.
4. : Knee (anterior aspect).
5. : Chest.
1. Brachial
2. Gluteal
3. Cephalic
4. Patellar
5. Thoracic
The coxal joint is most likely found in ________ region of the body.
hand
groin
hip
foot
hip
The term pollex refers to the ________.
fingers
calf
great toe
thumb
thumb
Which of the following statements is correct?
The sternum is dorsal to the spine.
The heart is posterior to the spine.
The sternum is posterior to the spine.
The heart is dorsal to the sternum.
The heart is dorsal to the sternum.
The heart is dorsal (posterior) to the sternum. In humans, the terms dorsal and posterior are synonymous with one another, meaning "toward or at the back of the body," or behind.
You are told to take an axillary temperature on a small child. You will place the thermometer ________.
under the tongue
in the armpit
in the rectum
on the forehead
in the armpit
You are asked to draw blood from the median cubital vein. You will search for this vein in the ________.
hand
anterior side of the elbow
proximal arm
lateral side of the foot
anterior side of the elbow
What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called?
frontal
transverse
regional
sagittal
sagittal
What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called?
sagittal
median
frontal
transverse
frontal
A coronal section creates a superior and an inferior section.
True
False
False
A transverse section creates a superior and an inferior section.
Which of the following cuts could cross the umbilical, pelvic, and nasal regions?
oblique section
coronal section
sagittal section
transverse section
Sagittal
A sagittal section is a cut made through the sagittal plane--a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts. A midsagittal section would cross the nasal, umbilical, and pelvic regions.
Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane?
any sagittal plane except in the midline
any cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions
a transverse cut just above the knees
two cuts dividing the body into left and right halves
any sagittal plane except in the midline
The body cavities that protect the nervous system are located in the ____ cavity.
dorsal
ventral
vertebral
cranial
thoracic
dorsal
The dorsal body cavity is divided into which of the following subdivisions?
the vertebral/spinal, cranial, and pleural cavities
the vertebral/spinal and thoracic cavities
the thoracic, pleural, and abdominopelvic cavities
the vertebral/spinal and cranial cavities
the vertebral/spinal and cranial cavities
The dorsal body cavity, which protects the fragile nervous system organs, has two subdivisions: the cranial cavity and the vertebral, or spinal, cavity.
Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.
1. : Stomach.
2. : Heart.
3. : Uterus.
4. : Brain.
5. : Lungs.
1. Abdominopelvic
2. Thoracic
3. Abdominopelvic
4. Cranial
5. Abdominopelvic
Which body cavity is further separated into other cavities?
abdominopelvic
pericardial
pleural
thoracic
thoracic
The thoracic cavity contains the pericardial and pleural cavities, which in turn house the heart and lungs, respectively.
Which of these is not part of the ventral cavity?
thoracic cavity
abdominal cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
vertebral cavity
vertebral cavity
What is the mediastinum?
The mediastinum is a cavity contained within the thoracic cavity.
The thoracic cavity contains the ________. It is found ________ to the vertebral cavity.
stomach and liver: superficial
kidneys and spleen: deep
heart and lungs: anterior
digestive viscera: inferior
heart and lungs: anterior
What is the role of the serous membranes covering some organs?
to serve as extra tissue for blood flow to the organ
to provide a protective outer covering for the organ
to provide passage of nutrients for the organ tissues
to prevent friction between the organ and body cavity wall
to prevent friction between the organ and body cavity wall
The two serous membrane layers are separated by a cavity containing serous fluid. This fluid allows organs to slide without friction across the cavity walls and one another as they carry out their routine functions.
The serous membrane is a double-layered membrane created by two separate membranes.
True
False
False
The serous membrane is a double-layered membrane that has folded back on itself.
The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane ________.
lining the abdominal cavity
covering individual lungs
covering the heart
lining the thoracic cavity
lining the thoracic cavity
Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes.
Serosa are very thin, double-layered structures.
Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a virtual space between the two.
Visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart.
Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid.
Visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart.
The part of the serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity wall is called visceral peritoneum.
True
False
False
In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located?
left lower quadrant
left upper quadrant
right lower quadrant
right upper quadrant
left upper quadrant
Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region?
intestines
liver
appendix
stomach
intestines
The right hypochondriac region contains the majority of the stomach.
True
False
False
The epigastric region is superior to the umbilical region.
True
False
True