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-ways that members of a culture organize (and classify) objects, people, activities, etc. as sharing defining commonalities.
-ex: foods to eat for breakfast, things to do on a first date, animals that are good to eat
-marketing innovations often involve remapping cultural categories
-cultural categories are dynamic
-food (fast, slow, fast casual, lite, comfort, gluten free)
-cigs vs e-cigs
-vaping rituals
-technology categories
-amazon alexa vs google assistant
-fashion categories
-different levels of specificity via subcategories
-experts tend to have more refined category systems
-embedded in cultural narratives
-the romantic evening versus night out with friends
-contextually framed
-things to buy for a super bowl party or Halloween party
-collective affiliations and identifications
-shared cultural world
-collectively shared rituals, knowledge, traditions, experiences
-creates a sense of "imagined" unity and connection that can transcend over sources of social differences
-class, age, gender, ethnicity, political orientation
-one is socialized into a consumption and brand community
-consumers build commitment over time by developing their knowledge and experiences; forging connections to others; and integrating these sources of linking value into their identities
-deadheads, packer fans, tough mudders, etc.
-investing in a volitional identity
-one can participate in multiple consumption and brand communities
-IDK these people but I feel connected to them
-minorities will be welcomed into the group if love the brand too
-transcends over sources of social differences
-he noticed in sports team chat rooms that unity breaks down when policies are brought into the convo
-a brand community is a
specialized, non-geographically bound community, based on a structured set of social relationships
-specialized bc its linking point is a branded good or service
-apple, Harley Davidson, jeep
-non-geographical -> geographically liberated perspective
-mass media, communication, and computer technologies easily allow communities to transcend geographic distance (communities need not be face to face)
-imagined community - feeling a sense of connection and commonality to
individuals that you do not "know" through direct face-face interactions and relationships
-membership in a brand community can cut across conventional social categories such as class, gender, or age cohort
-difference to other types of consumption communities
-members of consumption communities tend to be more suspicious of marketing and commercialism and sometimes view it as unwanted commercialization
-brands often have to make outreaches and invest in the community to gain
trust and acceptance
-tribal marketing strategy
-members of brand communities tend to accept the necessity of commercialism in their communal identity and are proactively interested in marketing activities related to the brand
-discussing advertisements, using ad copy in messages, and monitoring corporate strategies is a commonplace brand community activity
-virtual communities allow for monitoring consumer attitudes (online research) and interacting with core customer base
-many co-creation activities are directed at grass roots marketing campaigns
-fan made advertisements
-brand communities can also be a source of resistance to marketing strategies that they dislike
-porsche brand community's core members rejection of the Porsche cayenne
--Porsche is male oriented
-cayenne introduced -> female soccer mom car -> hard core make brand community members upset & despise it
-communities can transcend geographic differences
-activist groups -> we're all in this together -> all humans on Earth think -> think on global cosmopolitan scale, global identity -> environment & national disaster groups
1) for consumers, it is the value (the fun, pleasure, satisfaction, sociality, communitas, etc.) inherent in communal relations, however ephemeral, fostered by the tribe or brand community. 2) for the company, linking value is the value its products/services/brands have for the construction, development or maintenance of these communal relations.
1) Pools- members of this community are united by shared goals, values,
or activitiy. few interpersonal relationships are built so not the best target market. loose associations with one another. the shared activity, goal, or values are the key to this community affiliation (examples: apple enthusiasts, republicans, democrats). Solution lies in using webs and hubs to
strengthen and expand the community.
2) Web- these affiliations are based on strong one-to-one connections (think social networking sites or the cancer survivors network) with people who have similar or complementary needs. personal relationships are the key to this community affiliation. (examples: facebook, cancer survivors network, hash house harriers, etc.) Webs are the strongest and most stable form of community because the people in them are bound by many and varied relationships.
3) Hubs- members of this community are united by their admiration of a central individual (Hannah montanta, oprah, etc.). A charismatic figure is the key to this community affiliation. The hub is a strong albeit unstable form of community that often breaks apart once the central figure is no longer present. But hubs can help communities acquire new members who hold similar values. Can also be used to create or strengthen a brand pool, a strategy Nike has used since its inception by associating with stars. To build stable communities, hub connections must be bonded to the community through webs.