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Terms in this set (20)
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory identifies five levels of individual needs, ranging from physiological needs at the lowest level, through safety, social, and esteem needs, and finally to self-actualization needs at the highest level.
t/f
true
Process theories are focused on how behavior is driven by individual's cognitions and calculations they perform when choosing to engage in a behavior. The most popular process theories of motivation are:
Expectancy, equity, reinforcement, and goal-setting theory
Alderfer, Herzberg, and McClelland's theories
Maslow's Heirarchy of Needs
Expectancy, equity, reinforcement, and goal-setting theory
The
prescriptive model assumes the decision maker possesses certain information and is aware of their preferences and constraints before beginning the decision-making process. What other assumptions does the prescriptive make?
Decisions are able to be completely rational
No time constraints and unlimited information processing
All answer choices are correct
All relevant information is present, clear and constant preferences
All answer choices are correct
Job enlargement is designed to increase job breadth by having the worker perform more and different tasks, but all at the same level of responsibility and challenge.
t/f
true
Programmed decisions are made as standardized responses to recurring situations and routine problems.
t/f
true
Negotiators using a highball (or lowball) tactic start with a ridiculously high (or low) opening offer that they know they will never receive. The theory is that the extreme offer will cause the other party to reevaluate his/her own opening offer and make less demanding offers in return. Highball (or lowball) tactics are an example of what type of heuristic in decision-making?
Anchoring
The availability bias
Confirmation bias
Overconfidence bias
anchoring
Which of the following is a direct application of goal setting theory?
Management by Objectives (MBO)
Merit pay, profit sharing, or employee stock ownership
Job rotation, enlargement, or enrichment
Management by Objectives (MBO)
When your manager increases your job content by giving you more responsibility for
planning and evaluating duties, which job design approach is being used?
Job enlargement
Job enrichment
Job simplification
Job rotation
Process reengineering
enrichment
A job's motivating potential score can be raised through all of the following methods EXCEPT:
employing vertical loading to create more planning opportunities.
establishing client relationships to enable employees
to experience feedback directly from customers.
reducing tasks to create smaller jobs.
employing vertical loading to create more controlling responsibilities.
opening feedback channels to enable workers to know how well they are doing.
reducing tasks to create smaller jobs.
An example of the application of the __________ is the team leader who selects a new member not because of any special
qualities of the person, but only because the individual comes from a department known to have produced high performers in the past.
productiveness heuristic
anchoring and adjustment heuristic
representativeness heuristic
accessibility heuristic
suitability heuristic
representativeness heuristic
There are a number of processes that people use when making decisions. These include decision-making heuristics like: Select all that apply
Confirmation
Representativeness
Reciprocity
Availability
Anchoring
Representativeness
Availability
Anchoring
ERG theory states that a lower-level need can be activated when a higher-level need cannot be satisfied.
t/f
true
If the
average worker can produce 15 widgets an hour, which goal is likely to lead to the best performance?
Do your best
18
10
30
15
18
Mike has always been driven by the need to work more efficiently, solve problems, and master complex tasks. According to McClelland, Mike is classified as driven by a need for:
power.
affiliation.
safety.
none of the above.
achievement
achievement.
According to McClelland, a person high in need achievement will be motivated by _______.
control and influence over other people
status of being an executive
teamwork and collective responsibility
challenging but achievable goals
challenging but achievable goals
In equity theory, the
_________ is a key issue.
Absolute value of rewards
Social comparison of rewards
Equality of rewards
Equality of efforts
Social comparison of rewards
Which form of performance assessment is an example of the comparative approach?
Forced distribution
Graphic rating scale
Critical incident diary
BARS
Forced distribution
When a team leader evaluates the performance of all team members as "average," the possibility for ________ error in the performance appraisal is quite high.
recency
central tendance
halo
personal bias
central tendance
In Vroom's decision-making model, the choice among individual and team decision approaches is based on criteria that include quality
requirements, availability of information, and _______
position power of the leader
size of the organization
number of people involved
need for implementation commitments
need for implementation commitments
What is a possible disadvantage of choosing to make a decision by the team rather than by the individual method?
People are better informed about the reason for the decision
It
won't ever result in a high-quality decision
More information is used to make the decision
It takes too long to reach a decision
It takes too long to reach a decision
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