When the observed difference between the means of an experimental group and control group are not likely due to chance, researchers conclude that this difference is
Statistically significant
4
A researcher who gathers and analyzes data from student essay test responses without talking with the students about the study violates which ethical principle of human experimentation?
Informed consent
5
In the hypothesis “Students who study a list of terms in the morning, just after waking up, will recall more terms than students who study the list just before falling asleep,” what is the dependent variable?
Number of terms remembered
6
Which procedure helps to ensure that the participants in a survey are representative of a larger population?
Random sampling
7
In an experiment designed to study the effectiveness of a new drug, research participants who receive a placebo are participating in the ________ condition.
Control
8
Which of the following defines ethical principles that should guide human experimentation?
Informed consent, protection from harm, confidentiality, debriefing
9
Six different high school students spent $10, $13, $2, $12, $13, and $4, respectively, on entertainment. The mode of this group's entertainment expenditures is
$13
10
During the past month, Henri and Sylvia each ate 10 candy bars, while Jerry ate 8, Tricia ate 6, and Tahli ate only 1. The mean number of candy bars eaten by these individuals was
7
11
If college graduates typically earn more money than high school graduates, this would indicate that level of education and income are
Positively correlated
12
Which of the following statements is most correct about the relationship between correlation and causation?
Correlation indicates the possibility of a causal relationship, but it does not prove causation.
13
Critical thinkers can best be described as
Questioning
14
Which of the following is true for those assigned to the experimental group in an experiment?
The experimental group receives the experimental treatment
15
Psychologists' personal values and goals
can bias their observations and interpretations.
16
If psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriages than poor people are, this would indicate that wealth and marital satisfaction are
negatively correlated.
17
Participants in an experiment are said to be blind if they are uninformed about
which experimental treatment, if any, they are receiving.
18
Megan was certain that she would never live far away from her family. However, in order to further her career, she decided to move. Megan's experience best illustrates
Overconfidence
19
The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to
exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past events.
20
According to Emily's grandfather, Adolf Hitler's obvious emotional instability made it clear from the beginning days of his international conflicts that Germany would inevitably lose World War II. The grandfather's claim best illustrates
the hindsight bias.
21
Professor Delano suggests that because people are especially attracted to those who are good-looking, handsome men will be more successful than average-looking men in getting a job. The professor's prediction regarding employment success is an example of
a hypothesis
22
Which measure of variation is most affected by extreme scores?
range
23
In the hypothesis “Students who study a list of terms in the morning, just after waking up, will recall more terms than students who study the list just before falling asleep,” what is the independent variable?
time of day
24
To graphically represent the correlation between two variables, researchers often construct a
scatterplot
25
Which of the following is true for those assigned to a control group?
The experimental treatment is absent.
26
To assess reactions to a proposed tuition hike at her college, Ariana sent a questionnaire to every fifteenth person in the college registrar's alphabetical listing of all currently enrolled students. Ariana employed the technique of
random sampling
27
To assess the effect of televised violence on aggression, researchers plan to expose one group of children to violent movie scenes and another group to nonviolent scenes. To reduce the chance that the children in one group have more aggressive personalities than those in the other group, the researchers should make use of
random assignment.
28
In order to learn about the political attitudes of all students enrolled at Arizona State University, Professor Marlow randomly selected 800 of these students to complete a questionnaire. In this instance, all the students enrolled at Arizona State University are considered to be a(n)
population
29
Basing decisions or conclusions on observable evidence describes which of the following?
empirical approach
30
A researcher interested in proving a causal relationship between two variables should choose which research method?
experiment
31
Surveys indicate that people are much less likely to support “welfare” than “aid to the needy.” These somewhat paradoxical survey results best illustrate the importance of
wording effects
32
If scores on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) are normally distributed, with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, what percentage of scores will fall between 85 and 115?
68
33
The relief of pain following the ingestion of an inert substance that is presumed to have medicinal benefits illustrates
the placebo effect.
34
Psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of chimpanzee societies in the jungle are using a research method known as
naturalistic observation.
35
A researcher interested in investigating the attitudes or opinions of a large sample of people is most likely to use which research method?
survey
36
Professor Shalet contends that parents and children have similar levels of intelligence largely because they share common genes. His idea is best described as a(n)
theory
37
Thinking that she had outperformed most of her classmates, Glenda was surprised to receive just an average grade on her psychology test. Glenda's experience best illustrates
overconfidence
38
Correlational research is most useful for purposes of
prediction
39
Variation is to central tendency as ________ is to ________.
range; median
40
Researchers use experiments rather than other research methods in order to distinguish between
causes and effects.
41
What technique do researchers use to reduce the impact of confounding variables?
random assignment
42
To understand the unusual behavior of an adult client, a clinical psychologist carefully investigates the client's current life situation and his physical, social-cultural, and educational history. Which research method has the psychologist used?
the case study
43
A researcher who deceives participants about the goals of the research needs to fully inform them of the true nature of the study later, according to which ethical principle of human experimentation?
debriefing
44
Professor Ober carefully observes and records the behaviors of children in their classrooms in order to track the development of their social and intellectual skills. Professor Ober is most clearly engaged in
naturalistic observation.
45
Which of the following is the best definition of illusory correlation?
a perceived but nonexistent correlation
46
In a drug treatment study, participants given a pill containing no actual drug are receiving a(n)
placebo
47
Mr. and Mrs. Berry have five children aged 2, 3, 7, 9, and 9. The median age of the Berry children is
7
48
Abdul has volunteered to participate in an experiment evaluating the effectiveness of aspirin. Neither he nor the experimenters know whether the pills he takes during the experiment contain aspirin or are merely placebos. The investigators are apparently making use of
the double-blind procedure.
49
Why is replication important to science?
Repeated research with similar results increases confidence in the reliability of the original findings.
50
During the last Central High School basketball game, the starting five players scored 11, 7, 21, 14, and 7 points, respectively. For this distribution of scores, the range is
14
51
Historical Psychology
Good luck!
52
A theoretical perspective in psychology can be like a two-dimensional view of a three-dimensional object because each perspective is
limited in its scope.
53
A clinical psychologist who explains behavior in terms of unconscious drives and conflicts is employing a(n) ________ perspective.
psychodynamic
54
The psychologist who would be least likely to participate in devising ways to improve teaching and learning in a classroom would be a(n) _______ psychologist.
experimental
55
Which perspective is most directly concerned with how the physical properties of the brain influence behaviors and mental states?
biological
56
Which perspective would suggest that the facial expressions associated with the emotions of lust and rage are inherited?
evolutionary
57
Which perspective is most relevant to understanding the impact of strokes and brain diseases on memory?
biological
58
Which perspective would focus on the extent to which different styles of parenting are encouraged among various ethnic communities?
social-cultural
59
The survival of organisms best suited to a particular environment is known as
natural selection.
60
Akira believes that her son has become a good student because she always praises his learning efforts. Her belief best illustrates a ________ perspective.
behavioral
61
Which perspective highlights the reproductive advantages of inherited psychological traits?
evolutionary
62
Research participants were asked to monitor and report their own immediate sensory reactions to differently colored objects. This research involved a technique known as
introspection.
63
Humanistic psychologists focused on the importance of
healthy growth potential.
64
The specialist most likely to have a medical degree is a(n)
psychiatrist.
65
The self-reflective observation of one's own sensations and feelings is called
introspection.
66
When a professional golfer continued to struggle with her swing, she consulted Dr. Ozak, who helped her learn new strategies to help her improve her performance. Dr. Ozak is a(n) _______ psychologist.
sports
67
Which perspective most clearly focuses on how we learn observable responses?
behavioral
68
Efforts to discover whether the intelligence of children is more heavily influenced by their biology or by their home environments are most directly relevant to the debate regarding
nature versus nurture.
69
According to the text, the SQ3R study method is effective because it
utilizes active processing of the text information.
70
Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on the
adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions.
71
Which approach is most directly concerned with assessing the relative contributions of heredity and experience to personality development?
biopsychosocial
72
Professor Crisman believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference enhanced the survival of our ancestors' genes. This viewpoint best illustrates the ________ perspective.
evolutionary
73
Professor Reed attempts to assess the relative contributions of heredity and home environment on children's susceptibility to depression. Her research best illustrates the concerns of the ________ approach.
biopsychosocial
74
Which psychological perspective highlights the manner in which people encode, process, store, and retrieve information?
cognitive
75
Dr. Santaniello conducts basic research on how children's moral thinking changes as they grow older. It is most likely that Dr. Santaniello is a(n) ________ psychologist.
developmental
76
Clinical psychologists specialize in
providing therapy to troubled people.
77
Which perspective is most concerned with the unique ways in which individuals interpret their own life experiences?
cognitive
78
Dr. Wilcox conducts basic research on the behavioral differences between shy and outgoing people. Dr. Wilcox is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.
personality
79
Robert wants to pursue a degree in a field in which he could help people learn how to change their lives, such as determining what career best suits them. The subfield that is most applicable in this area is
counseling psychology.
80
The psychologist most likely to help an attorney make selections of jury members is a(n) ____ psychologist.
forensic
81
The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how
people encode, process, store, and retrieve information.
82
Which perspective is most concerned with how individuals interpret their experiences?
cognitive
83
Mark believes that people are genetically predisposed to dislike bitter-tasting foods because this has enhanced human survival. His belief best illustrates the ________ perspective.
evolutionary
84
Dr. Karima conducts basic research on the relative effectiveness of massed practice and spaced practice on a person's ability to remember information. Dr. Karima is most likely a ________ psychologist.
cognitive
85
Nature vs. Nurture
Good luck!
86
Evolutionary psychologists would be the most likely to attribute gender differences in attitudes towards casual sex to the fact that men have_________than do women
greater reproductive potential
87
Which of the following is most likely to be the most similar in genetic makeup?
a brother and sister
88
All the cells in the human body have 23 pairs of chromosomes EXCEPT
the sex cells.
89
Women are more likely than men to:
engage in intimate conversations with others
90
When teased by his older sister, nine year old Waldo does not cry because he has learned that boys are not expected to. Waldo's behavior best illustrates the importance of:
gender roles
91
Which of the following statements is true of a child with blue eyes?
The mother could have had blue eyes and the father could have had brown eyes.
The father could have had blue eyes and the mother could have has brown eyes.
Both parents could have has brown eyes.
92
The question of whether behavior is largely learned or largely inherited is part of which psychological issue?
the nature-nurture issue
93
The human genome is the complete:
sequence of nucleotides organized as coiled chains of DNA
94
Pat is normally very restless and fidgety, whereas Shelly is usually quiet and easy going. The two children
temperament
95
At age 12, Sean is happy, self-reliant, and has a positive self-image. It is most likely that Sean's parents are:
authoritative
96
The home environment most clearly has a greater influence on children's ________ than on their __________.
religious beliefs; personality traits
97
If a genetically based attraction to beautiful people contributes to survival, that trait will likely be passed on to subsequent generations. This best illustrates:
natural selection
98
Women are more likely than men to:
engage in intimate conversations with others
99
One reason that psychologist are interested in genetics determination of physical characteristics is because they care about
the physical aspects of growth and development.
100
According to evolutionary psychologists, men judge women as especially attractive if they appear ________ and women judge men especially attractive if they appear _________.
youthful; mature
101
Environmental influence on personality traits are most clearly highlighted by comparing________ and ___________
identical twins raised together; identical twins raised apart
102
Ten-year-old Brittany insists on wearing very feminine-looking clothes because she wants to appear ladylike. This best illustrates the impact of:
gender typing
103
Following conception, the single cell that is made up of 23 chromosomes from the mother and 23 chromosomes from the father is called the
zygote
104
In order to prevent teens from smoking, intervention programs for youth should first pay attention to the impact of _______on teen smoking habits
peer influence
105
A good explanation for the relationship between heredity and environment is that
a favorable environment allows genetic input to reach its full potential.
106
Pat is normally very restless and fidgety, whereas Shelly is usually quiet and easy going. The two children
temperament
107
Sensation & Perception
Good luck!
108
Your new love interest has big beautiful brown eyes. You are admiring his or her
iris.
109
The function of the lens is to:
focus an image on the retina.
110
Olfactory cells are the receptors for what senses?
Smell
111
Which of the following occupations relies heavily on kinesthetic and vestibular senses?
Gymnast
112
The receptors for the sense of smell are
hair cells inside the nasal cavity
113
The basic experience of the stimulation of the body's senses is called:
Sensation
114
The reason that we have trouble seeing for five or ten minutes after entering a darkened theater on a sunny afternoon is that it takes time for
the optic nerve to adapt to the sudden change from light to dark.
115
Which of the following pain control techniques is emphasized in the Lamaze method of childbirth training?
distraction
116
Of all of our senses, the one that has the most direct pathway to the cortex, that is lateralized or the one that does not involve the thalamus is
olfaction
117
If you had an inner ear infection, which sensory system might you expect to be affected?
vestibular
118
Taste: 1 gram of table salt in 500 liters of water; smell: 1 drop of perfume diffused throughout a three-room apartment; touch: the wing of a bee falling on your check from a height of 1 centimeter away. These are all examples.
the absolute threshold of our senses.
119
As you munch a chocolate bar, which general part of the tongue tells your brain that it is sweet?
front of the tongue
120
Deaf culture advocates are most likely to object to the use of cochlear implants for:
children who have been deaf from birth.
121
Hearing is based on
vibrations
122
If Jalen wants to get maximum "sweetness" value from her lollipop, she should
lick the lollipop with tip of her tongue.
123
Rods are to cones as ____________.
black and whites is to color
124
The greatest density of cones exists in which part of the eye?
Fovea
125
The gate-control theory is an attempt to explain
pain.
126
A decibel is a measure of
loudness.
127
The auditory cortex is located within the:
temporal lobes.
128
What behavior would be difficult without our vestibular sense?
walking a straight line with our eyes closed
129
Which of the following NOT a primary taste quality?
oily
130
Which of the following would play a role in quickly alerting you to a gas leak in your home?
olfactory receptors
131
Sound waves cause vibrations of the
eardrum.
132
Which process allows more light to reach the periphery of the retina?
dilation of the pupils
133
When the molecules of a skunk's spray enter your nose, the molecules are transformed into electrical signals, or impulses, that are interpreted by the brain as an unpleasant odor. This is an example of:
Transduction
134
The sensation of hot occurs when
a pattern of both warm and cold are stimulated.
135
The final step required to convert vibrations into sound sensations takes place in which parts of the ear?
Ossicles
136
The cochlea is to the ear as the ________ is to the eye.
retina
137
Of all of the senses listed, which has the greatest number of known, specialized receptors cells?
skin
138
Parapsychology refers to the:
study of phenemena such as telepathy or clairvoyance.
139
Eight-year old Claudia is trying to draw a house with a tree behind it. The problem is that she draws the tree too large if it is truly behind the house. Claudia has not yet developed the artist's ability to portray distance by
relative size
140
Patients' negative expectations about the outcome of a surgical procedure can increase their postoperative experience of pain. This best illustrates the importance of
top-down processing.
141
Trichromats can mix which three colors to perceive virtually any hue?
red, green, and blue
142
An exhausted forest ranger may notice the faintest scent of a forest fire, whereas much stronger but less importance odors such as a skunk spray fail to catch her attention. This fact would be of greatest relevance to:
signal detection theory.
143
If John cannot tell the difference between Mary's two favorite perfumes, then for John, the two scents must be less then apart.
a difference threshold
144
As the farmer looked across her field, the parallel rows of young corn plants appeared to converge in the distance. This provided her with a distance cue known as:
linear perspective.
145
The greatest difficulty facing contemporary parapsychologist is the:
inability to subject claims of ESP to scientific testing.
146
Guilio's bag of marbles is twice as heavy as Jim's. If it takes 5 extra marbles to make Jim's bag to feel heavier, it will take 10 extra marbles to make Guilio's bag feel heavier. This best illustrates:
Weber's law.
147
If you go into a darkened room and it takes you a few minutes to see anything,
dark adaptation is taking place.
148
According to the Young-Helmholtz theory:
the retina contains three kinds of color receptors.
149
The perception of Bugs Bunny running away from Elmer Fudd is best illustrated:
stroboscopic movement.
150
Figure is to ground as ______ is to _______.
moon; sky
151
A person who is blind in one eye cannot use which cue to depth?
retinal disparity.
152
Andre claims that he can male a broken watch begin to run again simply by entering a state of intense mental concentration.
psychokinesis
153
A bank teller was so distracted by the sight of a bank robber's weapon that she failed to perceive important features of the criminal's physical appearance. This best illustrates:
selective attention.
154
Jamal claims that his special psychic powers enable him to perceive exactly where the body of a recent murder victim is secretly buried. Jamal is claiming to posses the power of:
clairvoyance
155
Which Gestalt principle of organization is demonstrated in the following pattern?
XX XX XX XX XX XX
proximity
156
Telepathy refers to the:
extrasensory transmission of thoughts from one mind to another.
157
In the perceptual process, after we select the stimuli to be perceived, we then _________ the sensations into a meaningful Gestalt.
organize
158
An afterimage can best be defined as:
Sense experience that occurs after a visual stimulus has been removed.
159
Berdine has developed cataracts in both eyes, preventing her from being able to identify even her mother's face. The best illustrated the importance of
bottom-up processing.
160
Charlies and Sharon live near an airport. However, they are not longer awakened by the sound of planes flying low overhead. The best explanation for this is
sensory adaptation.
161
The cover of a book appears to be a rectangle regardless of the angle from which it is viewed. The phenomenon is known as
shape constancy.
162
News about the supposed effects of briefly presented messages on moviegoers' consumption of popcorn and Coca-Cola involved false claims regarding:
subliminal stimulation.
163
The ability to simultaneously recognize the color, shape, size, and speed of an oncoming automobile best illustrates:
parallel processing.
164
You see two trees, which in reality are of equal height. One is 50 feet away from you and the other is 200 feet away. The image that you receive from the farther tree will be _______ than the image from the closer tree. According to the principle of size constancy, you will perceive the two trees as _______ in size.
smaller; the same
165
The perception of the letter "t" as two intersecting lines rather than as four non-intersecting lines illustrates the principles of:
continuity.
166
As you drive by a construction site at night, you notice that a number of stationary, flashing warning lights appear to be moving back and forth. You are experiencing
the phi phenomenon.
167
Infants who were previously exposed to the visual cliff:
refused to cross over the "deep" side to their mothers.
168
Because the two teams wore different-colored uniforms, Cheri perceived the ten basketball players as two distinct groups. This best illustrates the principle of:
similarity.
169
Memory
Good luck!
170
Deja vu refers to the:
eerie sense of having previously experienced a situation or events.
171
Short-term memory is _______ permanent and _______ limited then long-term memory.
less; more
172
The cerebellum is associated with which of the following types of memory?
procedural memory for conditioned responses`
173
When an eyewitness to an auto accident is asked to describe what happened, which test of memory is being utilized?
reconstruction
174
The three stages of information processing memory model are ______________.
sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory
175
We speak primarily of _______ and ______ when we speak of sensory memory.
vision; auditory
176
The portion of the limbic system which seems to be responsible for the formation of new memories is:
the hippocampus
177
According to the information-processing model of memory, acquisition is to retention as is to
encoding; storage
178
Judy is embarrassed because she suddenly cannot remember a friend’s name. Judy’s poor memory most likely results from a failure in:
retrieval challenges
179
Automatic processing occurs without:
conscious awareness.
180
On the first day of a study, an individual is conditioned to blink at the sound of a buzzer. On day two of the study, that same individual is somewhat slower to acquire the blink response at the sound of a bell. This “blocking” effect is an example of:
proactive interference
181
Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve demonstrates that memory _______.
decline rapidly and then levels off
182
A flashbulb memory would typically be stored in ___________ memory.
explicit.
183
If you have to make a conscious effort to recall information about your grandmother's famous cookies recipe, that information is said to be _______.
explicit
184
Doug wrote a grocery list of 10 times, but leaves it at home. The list included in order: peas, corn, squash, onions, apples, pears, bananas, flour, milk, and eggs. If the law of primacy holds, which of the following is Doug most likely to remember when he gets to the store?
peas, corn, squash
185
Tim, a third grader, learns the sentence “George Eats Gray Rats and Paints Houses Yellow” to help him remember the spelling of “geography.” Tim is using:
a mnemonic device.
186
After his last drinking spree, Fakim hid a half-empty liquor bottle. He couldn't remember where he hid it until he started drinking again. Fakim's pattern of recall best illustrates:
state-dependent memory.
187
Remembering how to solve a jigsaw puzzle without any conscious recollection best illustrates ________ memory.
implicit
188
When 80 year-old Ida looked at her old wedding pictures, she was flooded with vivid memories of her parents, her husband, and the early years of her marriage. The pictures served as a powerful:
retrieval cues.
189
An example of episodic memory is ___________.
remembering the events surrounding the day you got a puppy for your seventh birthday
190
In an effort to remember how to spell "rhinoceros", Samantha writes the word 30 times. She is using a technique known as:
maintenance rehearsal.
191
In order to remember a list of the school supplies she needs, Marcy mentally visualizes each item at a certain location in her house. Marcy’s tactic best illustrates the use of:
the method of loci.
192
After a stressful day at the office, Arthur has five or six drinks at a local bar before going home for dinner. Research suggests that Arthur's heavy drinking will have the most adverse effect on his ability to remember:
the next day the names of the people he talked to and what he said while drinking
193
Which of the following is the best example of context dependent memory?
students who learn a vocabulary list while in a particular classroom does better at recalling the words when in that same environment
194
Dividing a 10 digit number like 2133067508 into several parts, such as 213-306-75-08, to make it easier to remember is an example of
chunking.
195
The process of getting information out of memory storage is called:
retrieval.
196
Most people can store ________ digits or numbers in their short-term memory.
5 to 9
197
Which of the following examples best illustrates episodic memory?
remembering the events about the clowns that were at your fifth birthday party
198
The process of encoding refers to:
getting information into memory.
199
A mnemonic device is a:
memory aid.
200
Thinking & Language
Good luck!
201
Which psychological specialty is most directly concerned with the systematic study of problem solving, decision-making, concept formation, and forming judgments?
cognitive psychology
202
Morphemes are:
the smallest speech units that carry meaning
203
The rock musician was hit with a rotten egg while performing his latest hit song. The fact that you can recognize two difference meanings for the word "hit" in the preceding sentence demonstrates the importance of:
semantic
204
Koko, the ape, was taught to communicate by means of:
sign language.
205
A European visitor to the United States asked a taxi driver, “Can you please a ride to the airport me give?” This visitor has apparently not yet mastered the of the English language
Syntax
206
When Mariah’s mother drops her off at preschool, Mariah says only one word, “Mama.” This is an example of
One-word stage
207
In the words “lightly,” “neatly,” and “shortly,” the “ly” ending is a(n):
morpheme.
208
The smallest distinctive sound unit of language is a:
phoneme
209
Noam Chomsky has emphasized that the acquisition of language by children is facilitated by:
as inborn readiness to learn language rules
210
Two-year-old Dirk’s sentences – “Dad come,” “Mom laugh,” and “Truck gone” – are examples of:
telegraphic speech.
211
When we use the word "automobile" to refer to a category of transport vechicles, we are using this word as a(n)
concept
212
Prototype is to concept as ______ is to _____-
rose; flower
213
Myron didn't know whether the boy's locker room was located down the hallway to his right or the one to his left. Crossing his fingers, he decided to try the left hallway. Myron's strategy for finding the locker room best illustrates the use of:
trial and error
214
On her way to London, Janet was invited into the cockpit to meet the pilot, Alex. She was surprised to see that Alex was a woman. This is an example of:
representative heuristic.
215
Some people are unable to arrange six matches to form four equilateral triangles because they fail to consider a three-dimensional arrangement. This best illustrates the hazards of:
fixations.
216
A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by mean of:
an algorithm
217
Algorithms and heuristics are both
problem-solving strategies.
218
Marlene forgot to bring a pillow on the camping trip, so she spent a very uncomfortable and restless night. Unfortunately, she never thought of using her down-filled jacket as a pillow. Marlene's oversight best illustrates:
functional fixedness.
219
People are likely to take less time to recognize a woman as a nurse than a man as a nurse because a woman more closely resembles their _____ of a nurse.
mental set
220
On Monday, the meteorologist forecast a 20 percent chance of rain, so Sheryl took her umbrella to work. On Friday, he reported an 80 percent chance that it would not rain, so Sheryl left her umbrella at home. Sheryl's behavior illustrates:
the framing effect.
221
Consumers respond more positively to ground beef advertised as "75 percent lean" than to ground beef described as "25 percent fat." This illustrates that consumer reactions are influenced by:
framing effect
222
The use of heuristics rather than algorithms is most likely to:
save time in arriving at solutions to problems.
223
Because she believes that boys are naughtier than girls, Mrs Gale, a second-grade teacher, watches boys more closely than she watches girls for any signs of misbehavior. Mrs Gale surveillance strategy best illustrates:
confirmation bias
224
Which of the following illustrates an application of artificial intelligence?
A computer that enables apes to communicate with humans
A computer-controlled system that stimulates the sound of human voices
A computer programmed to play chess
225
After spending two hours trying to solve an engineering problem, Amira finally gave up. As she was trying to fall asleep that night, a solution to the problem popped into her head. Amira's experience best illustrates:
insight
226
As he attempted to spell the word "receive," Tim reminded himself "i before e except after c." Tim's self-reminder best illustrates the use of:
a heuristic.
227
Biological Bases of Behavior
Good luck!
228
One function of the glial cells is to
provide nutrients to neurons.
229
Within a single neuron the action potential
travels in one direction toward the axon terminals.
230
Molecules that are similar enough to a neurotransmitter to bind to its receptor sites on a dendrite and block that neurotransmitter's effects are called what?
antagonists
231
Damage to the left cerebral hemisphere is most likely to reduce people's ability to
speak fluently.
232
In a recent car accident, Tamiko sustained damage to his right cerebral hemisphere. This injury is most likely to reduce Tamiko's ability to
facially express emotions.
233
An undersupply of serotonin is most closely linked to
depression.
234
Which of the following is the component of the limbic system that plays an essential role in the processing of new memories?
hippocampus
235
The reticular formation is located in the
brainstem.
236
Someone trying to figure out an optical illusion is probably experiencing increased brain waves and bloodflow to which brain structure?
right hemisphere
237
With regard to the process of neural transmission, a refractory period refers to a time interval in which
dendrites transmit more electrical signals to axons.
238
Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the
medulla.
239
The benefits of brain plasticity are most clearly demonstrated in
children who have had a cerebral hemisphere surgically removed.
240
A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron is called the
action potential.
241
The knee-jerk reflex is controlled by interneurons in the
spinal cord.
242
Some opiate drugs have molecular structures so similar to endorphins that they mimic endorphin's euphoric effects in the brain, making these opiate drugs which kind of molecule?
agonists
243
The function of dendrites is to
receive incoming signals from other neurons.
244
Prozac, a drug commonly prescribed to treat depression, prevents the sending neuron from taking in excess serotonin. Which process does this drug prevent from taking place?