Correct
-A smaller percentage of San Francisco residents voted for Proposition 8 (which outlawed same-sex marriage) than supported Proposition 187 (which made undocumented immigrants ineligible for social services
-A majority of San Diego residents voted in favor of Proposition 6 (which would have repealed gas tax increases enacted by the legislature in 2017), while a majority of San Francisco and Los Angeles residents voted against it
Incorrect
-A higher
percentage of Californians living in San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Diego voted for Barack Obama in 2012 than voted for Hillary Clinton in 2016
-Proposition 13, which limited property taxes, received majority support in San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Diego.
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Which of the following is the best definition of citizen lobbyists?
Individuals who have an interest in an issue and want to make their view known to public officials
What term is often used to refer to interest groups, given their standing and influence in the legislative process?
The third house
The high rate of incumbency re-election can be explained by which of the following factors?
Correct
-Incumbents have relatively high levels of visibility and name recognition
-Incumbents provide service to their constituents during their time in
office
Incumbents raise more money due to their string ties to the fund-raising pipeline
Incorrect
-Proposition 28 reduced competition for incumbents by dramatically increasing the number of signatures required for a challenger to place his or her name on the ballot
Which statements about Proposition 54 (the California Legislature Transparency Act) are accurate?
Correct
-It required that all bills
be in print and posted online before passed out of the legislature
-It was the first crowdsourced ballot initiative in the nation
-It required that the legislature make a video recording of every official public legislative meeting avablie to the public
Incorrect
-It reduced the amount of money political parties could contribute to candidates and ballot initiative campaigns
If California adopted laws to allow for so-called "clean-money elections," it would be the first state in the country to do so.
False
(Maine and Arizona have recently adopted laws that allow for clean-money elections.)
Taxpayer protection groups have coined the phrase "the spending lobby" to describe a subset of California's interest groups. Which of the following would be an example of "the spending lobby" at work?
Correct
-The
California State University system lobbies that state government for more spending on higher education
-The city of Long Beach lobbies the state government to provide construction grants for the Port of Long Beach
Incorrect
-The Kaiser Foundation Health Plan lobbies the state government to reduce regulations on the health insurance industry
-The California Chamber of Commerce lobbies the state government to reduce the corporate tax rate
Review the chart about ballot initiative contributions in the 2016 election, and then determine which of the following statements are accurate.
picture in phone
Correct
-There was less money spent on the initiative to legalize marijuana than on any of the other ballot initiatives in the figure
-More money was spent in favor of the locking in Medi-Cal funding than in support of any other ballot initiative in the figure
Incorrect
-More money was spent
in the opposition to increasing taxes on cigarettes than in opposition to any other ballot initiative in the figure
-Opponents of Proposition 55 raised more money than opponents of any of the other ballot initiatives in the figure
Suppose you had $8,000 that you wanted to contribute to candidates running for office in California. Which of the following would be allowed under campaign finance law in the state?
You could contribute $8000 to your preferred candidate for governor
(Under current law, individuals are allowed to give up to $29,200 to candidates running in state gubernatorial elections.)
Study the table on lobbying expenditures in California, and then determine which of the following statements are accurate.
Picture in phone
Correct
-Lobbying expenditures more than doubled between the 1993-1994
session and the 2005-2006 session
Incorrect
-Lobbying expenditures have increased in every legislative session between 1993 and 3016
-The single largest increase in lobbying expenditures happened between the 2005-2006 and the 2007-2008 legislative sessions
-Lobbying expenditures did not start increasing until the 1999-2000 legislative session
Which of the following statements about state regulation of lobbyists and interest groups are accurate?
Correct
-There are strict limits on the cost of gifts that can be given by a lobbyist to a state-elected or legislative official
-Lobbyists are prevented from contributing to officials they are registered to lobby
Incorrect
-Lobbying statements, which disclose campaign and lobbying expenditures, are filed with the state legislature.
-There are no limits on the gifts that can be given by average citizens whoa re not registered
lobbyists.
Nearly every local newspaper and television station has a correspondent in Sacramento to cover state politics.
False
(Despite the fact that reporters and news staff have to be located in Sacramento to adequately cover state politics, there are actually very few media correspondents in Sacramento.)
Prior to 2014, the state Senate had never suspended any of its members for any reason.
True
(For the first time in its 164-year history, the Senate suspended three of its members in 2014 for their participation in a variety of different criminal activities (Rod Wright, Leland Yee, and Ron Calderon)
What was the re-election rate for incumbents in the Assembly and state Senate in 2016?
93%
(Five incumbents lost their re-election campaigns in the Assembly, and no incumbents lost in the Senate.)
While __________ are advocates for hire and often represent multiple clients on a variety of issues at the same time, ______________ are full-time employees of a trade, professional, or labor association and represent that group's interests only.
Contract lobbyists, In-house lobbyists
Which of the following statements are consistent with pluralist theory?
Correct
-The political system is best understood as a marketplace in which multitude of interest compete.
-Government acts as an umpire or referee that oversees the competition between interests
Incorrect
-Government works best when political power is evenly divided between a federal government and state governments
-Although many groups are active in the political process, elites
representing only a narrow range of groups determine the basic direction of public policy on most issues.
The overwhelming majority of contributions to state legislative campaigns in 2016 came from interest groups and political parties, not from individual donors.
True
(In fact, 91 percent of contributions came from non-individual sources such as interest groups and political parties.)
During the 2015-16 campaign cycle, the average cost of a seat in the California Assembly was _______ and the average cost of a seat in the California Senate was __________
$1,010,528 , $1,877,994
The percentage of Americans who claim they get most of their information about politics from newspapers changed from _________ in 2007 to _______ in 2016.
87% , 20%
California's prison guards are currently the highest-paid prison guards in the United States.
True
(The high salaries paid to California's prison guards are a big reason that spending on the state's prison system has rocketed from less than 4.3 percent of the budget in 1986 to more than 11 percent today.)
Which of the following are examples of crowdsourcing?
Correct
-A state assembly member sets up a wikipedia-like website where individuals can draft and edit legislation
-A relatively unknown candidate for city council uses a self-made website to raise campaign money from hundred of small donors
Incorrect
-A local church group reminds people to vote on Election Day by engaging in door-to-door canvassing
-A political party makes a $1 million contribution to an initiative campaign aimed
at reducing the state's prison population
Identify reasons that political parties are relatively weak in the state of California.
Correct
-The state uses a "top-two" open primary system
-There are strict term limits for state legislators
Incorrect
-California law limits the number of members a political party can have in each county and in the state overall
-Redistricting is controlled by the
state legislature rather than by an independent commission
What are independent expenditure committees, also known as Super PACs?
Organizations that can spend unlimited amounts for or against candidates and ballot measure but cannot give directly to or coordinate campaign activities with candidates
Which of the following is the best explanation why Governors Ronald Reagan and Jerry Brown received more media attention than governors George Deukmejian, Pete Wilson, and Gray Davis?
Reagan and Brown were nationally known political figures and presidential contenders while governors Deukmejian, Wilson, and Davis were not
Which of the following factors have encouraged the proliferation of interest groups in California?
Correct
-The
institution of term limits statewide legislative offices
-The weakness of California's two major political parties
Incorrect
-The federal governments ban on lobbying in Congress
-The declining size of the state's government
Which of the following statements about lobbying the executive branch in the state of California are accurate?
Correct
-The size and technical expertse of California's
executive branch forces lobbyists to develop expertise and relationships with numerous different agencies
-California's seven statewide elected administration offices make it difficult for interest groups to coordinate lobbying activities
Incorrect
-Interest groups find it more difficult to lobby members of the executive branch because state campaign finance laws prohibit contributions to executive branch candidates
-Regulations from progressive era of the state's politics (the early
1900s) make it illegal for groups representing business interests to lobby executive branch agencies
Which of the following statements best describes the number of interest groups in California since 1990?
The number of interest groups has grown dramatically over the last two and a half decades.
(In 1990 lobbyists represented approximately 1,300 interest groups; in 2000 the number nearly doubled to 2,552; by 2016 it had swelled to 3,663.)
The California secretary of state classifies interest groups into 19 categories and tracks the amount spent on lobbying in each category. Place the following categories of interest groups in order from the largest amount spent on lobbying to the smallest amount spent on lobbying in 2015-16.
Government, oil and gas, agriculture, political organizations
According to governmental lobbyists, which ballot measure is most responsible for the increased amount of lobbying that local governments engage in at the state level?
Proposition 13
(Proposition 13 limited property tax revenues to local government and, by doing so, created competition among local governments for state funding.)
Under current campaign finance law, political action committees (PACs) in the state of California are allowed to contribute more money to gubernatorial, state Assembly, and state Senate candidates than individuals are.
False
Ballot measures backed by citizen groups in California succeed at a much lower rate than those that are sponsored by narrow economic interests
False
(Research by political scientist Elisabeth Gerber has actually shown that citizen groups are more successful in their use of the initiative process than narrow economic interests.)
Which theory best describes the functioning of California politics?
A mixture of pluralist and elitist theory
(The influence that interest groups have over policy making in California varies widely on the issue in question and the stakes presented, with elite groups dominating at some points and losing at others.)
Review the chart about independent expenditures and direct contributions, and then determine which of the following statements are accurate.
Correct
-Direct contributions to state campaigns and ballot measure declined significantly between 2010 and 2014
-Direct contributions to state campaigns and ballot measure vastly outnumbered independent
expenditures between 2008 and 2016
Incorrect
-The total amount of independent expenditures and direct contributions was larger in 2016 than in any other year since 2008
-Independent expenditures in the state were nearly nonexistent before the Supreme Court's 2010 decision in Citizens United
If you strongly supported three different ballot initiatives in the 2020 election, what would current campaign finance law allow you to do?
Donate as much money as you wanted to all three of them
(There are currently no limits on the amount you can give to a ballot initiative campaign or on the number of campaigns you can give to.)
Which of the following are reasons independent expenditure committees have come under scrutiny in recent years?
Correct
-They sometimes make it difficult to identify the
source of contributions received by candidates and initiative campaigns
-They allow for great sums of money from outside the state to influence the state's politics and elections
Incorrect
-They only spend money in support of conservative causes and candidates
-They only spend money in support of liberal causes and candidates
What did Proposition 50, a referendum passed by voters in 2016, achieve?
Gave the legislature the power to prohibit suspended legislators from receiving pay and benefits during their suspension perion
(Because the state constitution does not allow the legislature to strip a lawmaker of pay, the three senators suspended in 2014 (Rod Wright, Leland Yee, and Ron Calderon) still received salaries. Proposition 50 changed this.)
Policies that would provide public funding to candidates who demonstrate a base of public support and who agree to forgo any other private donations are referred to as which of the following?
Clean-money election laws
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