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Student name:__________1) Discuss how leadership is both an art and a science.
2) Explain and illustrate the rational and emotional aspects of leadership.
3) Compare and contrast leadership and management.
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4) What are the advantages of formally studying leadership? What role do real-life experiences play in formal studies of leadership?
5) Compare and contrast leadership and followership.
6) Briefly discuss Rosener's concept of interactive leadership and explain its development.
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10) What trends have contributed to the changing nature of the leader-follower relationship in organizations? How do these trends enable followers to take on leadership roles?
11) According to leadership researchers, leadership
A) is an interpersonal relation in which others comply because they want to. B) is the study of leaders independent of the people they interact with. C) postulates that leaders administer rather than innovate. D) requires that leaders accept the status quo.
12) Which of the following definitions of leadership is fairly comprehensive and helpful?
A) actions that focus resources to create desirable opportunities B) the process by which an agent induces a subordinate to behave in a desired manner C) directing and coordinating the work of group members D) the process of influencing an organized group toward accomplishing its goals
13) A key reason behind using the phrase "desirable opportunities" in a definition of leadership was precisely to distinguish between leadership and
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A) tyranny. B) management. C) followership. D) situation.
14) Which of the following words is most often associated with the word "management"?
A) dynamism B) risk taking C) efficiency D) creativity
15) Leadership is most associated with words like
A) consistency. B) planning. C) control. D) vision.
16) Which of the following is a conventional distinction between managers and leaders?
A) Managers administer, while leaders innovate. B) Managers challenge the status quo, while leaders accept it. C) Managers inspire, while leaders control.
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20) According to Robert Kelley's basic styles of followership, which of the following statements is true about pragmatist followers?
A) They are mediocre performers. B) They usually point out all the negative aspects of their organization to others. C) They are the "yes people" of their organization. D) They apply their talents for the benefit of their organization.
21) According to Robert Kelley's basic styles of followership, who among the following presents a consistent picture to both leaders and coworkers of being independent, innovative, and willing to stand up to superiors?
A) alienated followers B) conformist followers C) pragmatist followers D) exemplary followers
22) Craig, a marketing manager at HeliZone Inc., rarely takes initiative or suggests new ideas during project meetings. He does his work half-heartedly and needs to be guided by his manager on a regular basis. According to Robert Kelley's basic styles of followership, Craig most likely is a(n)
A) passive follower. B) alienated follower. C) conformist follower.
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D) pragmatist follower.
23) Identify a true statement about passive followers in the context of Robert Kelley's basic styles of followership.
A) They are the "yes people" of organizations. B) They are highly likely to become experts in mastering the bureaucratic rules that can be used to protect them. C) They require constant direction because they lack initiative and a sense of responsibility. D) They are often seen as cynical, negative, and adversarial by leaders.
24) Unlike the role approach, the constructionist approach
A) stresses that a person's awareness of being judged by stereotypes has a deleterious impact on performance. B) views leadership as combined acts of leading and following by different individuals. C) emphasizes that leaders have more influence with out-group followers than with in- group followers. D) states that female candidates are unable to deliver when an organization's performance is declining.
25) Most early research on leadership was based on the assumption that leadership is a general personal trait expressed independently of the situation in which the leadership is manifested. This view is commonly known as
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A) the in-group B) the stereotype threat C) the glass cliff D) the role approach
29) Which of the following statements is true of women in leadership positions?
A) Women's commitment to their organizations was less guarded than that of their male counterparts. B) Women were less likely than men to be willing to take career risks. C) Women were less analytical and forceful than men. D) Women had significantly lower well-being scores than men.
30) In survey research by Judith Rosener that identified several differences in how men and women described their leadership experiences, it was found that
A) men's trust in each other tended to decrease more than women when work situations became more professionally risky. B) men described their influence in terms of personal characteristics like charisma and interpersonal skill. C) women helped subordinates develop commitment to broader goals than their own self- interest. D) women influenced others primarily through their organizational position and authority.
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31) Leadership is a complex phenomenon involving the leader, the followers, and the situation.
⊚ true ⊚ false
32) Successful managers spend a lot of their time in organizational socializing and politicking.
⊚ true ⊚ false
33) Some managers are likely to be effective leaders without ever having taken a course or training program in leadership.
⊚ true ⊚ false
34) Good leadership is all about calculation, planning, and following a checklist.
⊚ true ⊚ false
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39) Formal study and learning from experience are mutually exclusive when developing leadership skills.
⊚ true ⊚ false
40) Because followers are often at the levels where many organizational problems occur, they can give leaders relevant information so that good solutions are implemented.
⊚ true ⊚ false
41) Leaders have considerably more influence with in-group followers than with out-group followers.
⊚ true ⊚ false
42) Out-group subordinates are distinguished from in-group subordinates by their high degree of loyalty, commitment, and trust felt toward their leader.
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⊚ true ⊚ false
43) When followers have a say in the selection or election of a leader, they are likely to have low expectations and make few demands.
⊚ true ⊚ false
44) According to Robert Kelley, the best followers are self-starters who take initiative for themselves.
⊚ true ⊚ false
45) According to Robert Kelley, alienated followers habitually point out all the negative aspects of an organization to others and leaders often see them as adversarial.
⊚ true ⊚ false
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⊚ true ⊚ false
50) Hubristic leaders ignore the advice and criticism of others, almost drunk with their power and unconditional positive self-regard.
⊚ true ⊚ false
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Answer Key
Test name: Chap 01_10e_Hughes
1) Saying leadership is both a science and an art emphasizes the subject
of leadership as a field of scholarly inquiry, as well as certain aspects of
the practice of leadership. The scope of the science of leadership is
reflected in a number of studies cited in an authoritative reference work.
However, being an expert on leadership research is neither necessary nor
sufficient for being a good leader. Some managers may be effective
leaders without ever having taken a course in leadership, and some
scholars in the field of leadership may be relatively poor leaders
themselves. Nonetheless, knowing something about leadership research
is relevant to leadership effectiveness. Scholarship may not be a
prerequisite for leadership effectiveness, but understanding some of the
major research findings can help individuals better analyze situations
using a variety of perspectives. That, in turn, can give leaders insight
about how to be more effective. Even so, because skills in analyzing and
responding to situations vary greatly across leaders, leadership will
always remain partly an art as well as a science.
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3) To many people, the word "management" suggests words like
efficiency, planning, paperwork, procedures, regulations, control, and
consistency. Leadership, on the other hand, is more associated with
words like risk taking, dynamic, creativity, change, and vision. Some
people say leadership is fundamentally a value-choosing, and thus a
value-laden, activity, whereas management is not. Leaders are thought to
do the right things, whereas managers are thought to do things right.
Other differences include the idea that managers administer, whereas
leaders innovate; managers maintain, whereas leaders develop;
managers control, whereas leaders inspire; managers have a short-term
view, whereas leaders have a long-term view; managers imitate, whereas
leaders originate; and managers accept the status quo, whereas leaders
challenge it. Zaleznik suggests that by nature some people are managers,
while others are leaders. It is probably best to think of leadership and
management as closely related but distinguishable functions. Although
some functions performed by leaders and managers may be unique, there
is also an area of overlap.
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