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Step 1: Problem recognition - As in consumer buying, the first step in the business buying decision process occurs when someone sees that a purchase can solve a problem. However, the trigger may differ markedly for straight rebuy/modified rebuy/new task decisions. Two events may occur in the problem-recognition step. First, a firm makes a request or requisition, usually in writing. Then, depending on the complexity of the purchase, the firm may form a buying center.
Step 2: Search for Information: In the second step of the decision process (for purchases other than straight rebuys), the buying center searches for information about products and suppliers. Members of the buying center may individually or collectively refer to reports in trade magazines and journals, seek advice from outside consultants, and pay close attention to marketing communications from different manufacturers and suppliers.
Step 3: Evaluate Alternatives - In this stage of the business buying decision process, the buying center assesses the proposals it receives. Although a firm often selects a bidder because it offers the lowest price, there are times when it bases the buying decision on other factors. For example, in its lucrative B2B market, American Express wins bids for its travel agency business because it offers extra services other agencies don't or can't, such as a corporate credit card, monthly reports that detail the company's total travel expenses, and perks tied to the company's customer loyalty program.
Step 4: Select Product and Supplier - The next step in the buying process is the purchase decision when the group selects the best product and supplier to meet the organization's needs. One of the most important decisions a buyer makes is how many suppliers can best serve the firm's needs. Single sourcing, in which a buyer and seller work quite closely, is particularly important when a firm needs frequent deliveries or specialized products. In contrast, multiple sourcing means suppliers are more likely to remain price competitive. And if one supplier has problems with delivery, the firm has others to fall back on.
Step 5: Just as consumers evaluate purchases, an organizational buyer assesses whether the performance of the product and the supplier lives up to expectations. The buyer surveys the users to determine their satisfaction with the product as well as with the installation, delivery, and service that the supplier provides.