Sociological imagination.
The ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and the larger society.
Who used the term "Sociological imagination"?
Mid- Twentieth Century sociologist - C. Wright Mills
"Things are not what they seem" is a qoute from which mid-twentieth century soiologist?
Peter Berger
Sociology is the _________ study of human society and social interaction.
Systematic
It is a systematic study because sociologists apply both _________ perspectives and ________ methods (or _______ approaches) to examinations of social ________.
- theoretical
- research
- orderly
- behavior
Sociologists study human ________ and their social _____________ in order to develop theories of how human behavior is shaped by group life and how, in turn, group life affected by __________.
- societies
- intereactions
- individuals
Sociology helps us gain a better __________ of ourselves and our social world. It enables us to see how behavior is largely shaped by the ______ to which we belong and the society in which we live.
- understanding
- groups
A society is a large social _______ that shares the same ____________ __________ and is subject to the same ___________ authority and _________ cultural expectations.
- grouping
- geographical
- territory
- political
- dominant
_______ ____________ = a relationship in which the loves of all people are intertwined closely and any one nations problems are part of a larger global problem.
global interdependence
Sociology promotes understanding and __________ by enabling each of us to look beyond ________, ______ _____, and our personal ____________.
- tolerance
- common sense
- experiences
__________ knowledge guides conduct in everyday life.
Commonsense
Many commonsense notions are actually _____.
myths
A _____ is a popular but false notion that may be used, either intentionally or unintentionally, to perpetuate certain beliefs or"theories" even in light of conclusive evidence to the contrary.
Myth.
Sociologists strive to use _______ _______, not popular myths or hearsay, in studying society and social interaction.
scientific standards
Sociologists use _______ research techniques and are accountable to the _______ _________ for thier methods and the presentation of their findings.
- systematic
- scientific community
All sociologists attempt to discover ________ or ___________ in human behavior.
- patterns
- commonalities
Sociologists seek out the mulitiple _____ ___ ______of suicide or other social issues.
causes and effects
Sociologists analyze the ______ of the problem , not only from the standpoint of the people directly involved but also from the standpoint of such ________ on all people.
- impact
- behavior
Sociologist C. Wright Mills decsribed sociological ___________ as the ___________ ___________ - the ability to see the relationship between ________ experiences and the larger ______.
- imagination
- individual
- society
The sociological imagaination helps us distinguish between _______ troubles and social or _____ issues.
- personal
- public
_______ ________ are private problems that affect individuals and the networks of people with whom they associate regularly.As a result , those problems must be solved by individuals within their immediate social setting (i.e. unemployment).
Personal troubles
______ ______ are problems that affect large numbers of people and often require solutions at the _________ level.
- Public issues
- societal
The sociological imagination helps us place seeminlgly _______ troubles, such as losing ones job or feeling like committing suicide, into a larger context where we can distinguish whether and how personal troubles may be related to _____ issues.
- personal
- public
Many of our _________ experiences may be largley betond our own control. They are determined by society as a whole-- by its historical ________ and its ___________.
- individual
- development
- organization
Early sociologist Emily Durkheim refused to accept ____________ explanations of suicide. In what is probably the first sociological study to use scientific researh methods, he related suicide to the issue of ___________ (or lack of) in society instead of viewing suicude as an isolated act that could be understood only by studying individual personalities or inherited tendencies.
- commonsense
- cohesiveness
In "Suicude" (publication) Durkheim documented his contention that a high suicide rate was __________ of large scale societal problems.
symptomatic
Low-______ countries are primarily _______ nations with little____________ and low levels of national and personal income.
- income
- agrarian
- industrialization
There are no "pure" racial types, and the concept of "race" is considered by most sociologists to be a social construction that people use to justify _____ _________.
social inequalities
________ refers to the ________ heritage or _________ of a group and is based on factors such as language or country of origin.
- Ethnicity
- cultural
- identity
_____ is the relative location of a person or group within the larger society, based on wealth , power, prestige, or other valued resources.
Class
___ refers to the to the biological and anatomical differences between females and males. By contast'_______ refers to the meanings , beliefs and practices associated with sex differences, refered to as _________ and ___________,
- Sex
- gender
- femininity
- masculinity
___________ is the process by which societies are transformed from dependence on agriculture and handmade products to an emphasis on manufactiuring and related industries. This process occured first in ______ between ___ and ___, and was soon repeated throughout Western Europe. By mid nineteenth century, industrialization was well under way in the United States.
- Industrialized
- Britain
- 1760-1850
__________ is the process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities rather than in rural areas. The development of the factory sytem led to a rapid increase in both the number of cities and the size of their populations. People from very diverse backgrouds worked together in the same factory. At the same time many people shifted from being ________ to being _________.
- Urbanization
- producers
- consumers
These living and working conditions (urbanization) led to the development of new social problems: inadequate housing, ______, unsanitary conditions , poverty, _______ and crime. Wages were so low that entire families, including very young children, were forced to work, often under hazardous conditions and with no job security.As these conditions became more visible, a new breed of social thinkers turned its attention to trying to understand why and how society was changing.
- crowding
- pollution
______ ______-- The French ___________ (____ - _____ coined the term "Sociology" from the Latin socius ("social, being with others") and the Greek logos (study of) to describe a new science that would engage in the study of society. Although he never actually conducted sociological research, he is considered to be some the "_______ of sociology".
Few sociologists attempt to discover patterns or commonalities in human behavior.
Although originally coined by Emannuel-Joseph Sieyes, the French sociologist Auguste Comte popularized sociology in the 19th century. Comte believed that human behavior could be broken down into a set of laws which, when understood, could solve social problems.
In this chapter, you will learn how six of the founders of sociology—Karl Marx, Max Weber, Émile Durkheim, George Herbert Mead, Jane Addams, and W. E. B. Du Bois—carried out the two core commitments of sociology.
The founders of sociology—Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer and Karl Marx—intended to create, each in his own fashion, a universal science of society.
The French philosopher Auguste Comte (1798–1857)—often called the “father of sociology”—first used the term “sociology” in 1838 to refer to the scientific study of society. He believed that all societies develop and progress through the following stages: religious, metaphysical, and scientific.