The ER can be classified in two functionally distinct forms: smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The morphological distinction between the two is the presence of protein-synthesizing particles, called ribosomes, attached to the outer surface of the RER. The functions of the SER, a meshwork of fine tubular membrane vesicles, vary considerably
from cell to cell, one important role being the synthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol, which are major components of the plasma and internal membranes. The RER is generally a series of
connected flattened sacs. It plays a central role in the synthesis and export of proteins and glycoproteins and is best studied in secretory cells specializing in these functions. The many secretory cells in the human body include liver cells secreting serum proteins (e.g., albumin), endocrine
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All living organisms found on earth are made up of cells. They are the building blocks of life. Cells are categorized into two types- eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. The major difference between these two types of cells is in the presence of cell organelles. The former cell has several cell organelles present in it whereas the latter lacks these cell organelles. The endoplasmic reticulum is one such cell organelle found in every eukaryotic cell excluding some exceptions like RBCs. It performs a variety of functions in a cell and has two parts as rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. What is an endoplasmic reticulum?ER was discovered by Keith Porter and Claude. The word 'reticulum' in ER means ‘network’ and this word was added in its name by Porter. Its discovery was made possible due to the invention of the electron microscope. Endoplasmic Reticulum is a tubular, membranous cell organelle seen in continuity with the nuclear membrane of the nucleus in the cell. All the membranes of the ER form a network and are interconnected with each other. Endoplasmic Reticulum is a single membraned organelle and is also a part of the endomembrane system of the cell. The network formed by it is highly complex. The endoplasmic reticulum is a cell organelle that is in charge of lipid production and protein processing. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of linked membranous vesicles and tubules that manufacture lipids and modify proteins. The rough ER and the smooth ER, on the other hand, conduct these two roles in distinct sections of the ER. The lumen, or cisternal space, is the hollow section of the ER tubules. The ER membrane is a phospholipid bilayer packed with proteins that run parallel to the nuclear envelope. Types of ERBased on appearance and function, Endoplasmic Reticulum is of two types namely Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER). To understand the differences between the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) let us look into each subset individually. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum It is found close to the nuclear membrane. It bears several ribosomes on itself. Due to the presence of small granular ribosomes that are present on the surface of ER they are termed as rough ER. Ribosomes transport freshly generated proteins into the RER lumen, where proteins encounter structural changes like folding and side-chain addition. These altered proteins will be integrated into biomembranes, such as the ER membrane or that of various organelles, or released from the cell as protein hormones or enzymes. Phospholipids for cell membranes are also produced by the RER. If the phospholipids or changed proteins aren't meant to stay in the RER, they'll be transported to their final destination by transport vesicles that sprout from the membrane of the RER. The RER is common in cells that produce proteins because it is involved in altering proteins such as enzymes that will be secreted from the cell. An example of such a cell is hepatocytes. (image will be uploaded soon) Structure of RER RER has several flattened tubules that are joined with each other. They are highly dense near the nuclear membrane. These are highly convoluted tubules. Functions of Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumSince we have developed a basic understanding of the RER, let us look into the major functions performed by RER.
Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumRER continues towards the periphery of the cell to form the SER. Ribosomes are absent on the surface of SER which is why it has a smooth appearance. Thus it's called Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum. Unlike RER, SER is a meshwork of fine tubules. It also consists of vesicles. It is less extensive than RER The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is connected to the RER. Functions of SERLet us look into some of the important functions of the SER mentioned below.
Overall functions of endoplasmic reticulumThe functions of SER and RER jointly give a complete idea of the functions performed by the ER as a whole. These functions are as follows-
Difference between RER and SERSince we have understood the structure and functions let us look into the differences. The major differences are mentioned below in the tabular form.
Fun FactThe endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells is known as the Sarcoplasmic reticulum. They are considered the storehouse of calcium ions. In the conclusion of the article, we have learned about the endoplasmic reticulum. We have also learned about the differences between RER and SER. Want to read offline? download full PDF here Download full PDF Is this page helpful? Recently Updated Pages Recently Updated Pages What are the structural and functional distinctions between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?The most basic difference between RER and SER is the presence of ribosomes. When ribosomes attach to the surface of an ER, it gives a characteristic rough appearance; hence it is called Rough ER. On the other hand, a smooth ER does not have ribosomes on its surface. It possesses ribosomes attached to its membrane.
What is the functional difference between RER and SER?The SER is generally used for the creation/ storage of lipids and steroids, while the RER plays a significant role in the synthesis of various proteins. The RER is termed "rough" due ribosomal attachments to the surface compared to the SER, which does not have ribosomes.
What is the difference in the function between the smooth and rough?Function. Smooth ER: Major function is to synthesis lipids. They also store lipids and proteins. Rough ER: Major function is to synthesize and store proteins.
What is the difference in the functioning between rough ER and smooth ER quizlet?What is the difference between rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum? Rough endoplasmic reticulum is covered in ribosomes and is involved in the synthesis and production of proteins. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has no ribosomes and is involved in the production of enzymes and lipids.
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Describe the structural and functional distinctions between rough and smooth er.
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