Colonization has several common legacies. which of the following is part of its national image?

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1. Social Science
2. Sociology
3. Urban Studies

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Web Urban Sociology

Terms in this set (101)

Classical Athens stood as a monument to ___,

free citizens participation in government

For all intents and purposes, large-scale industrialization began in England about __.

1750

Now a city of 12 million people, Beijing was formerly called ___.

Peking

Friedrich Engels spoke of which English city with these words: "...it is a city in which one can roam for hours without leaving the built-up area and without seeing the slightest sign of the approach of open country."

London

Gan's "Cosmopolites" are ___.

usually highly educated

The fastest growing urban region is ___.

the suburbs

The exurbs are ___.

the newer ring of settlement beyond the old suburbs

The height of the "Great Immigration" period took place ___.

between 1880 and 1910

The fastest growing nonwhite population is ___.

Hispanics

The Hull House

addressed the needs of immigrant women and families.

Ebenezer Howard believed that the city lacked

sense of freedom

City planning in the industrial era was driven primarily by ___.

profit

Government planning of new towns is absent for the most part in ____.

United States

The utopian planner most associated with "arologies" is

Soleri

In Frank Lloyd Wright's ideal world, ___.

people would pay no rent

In 1871, a fire consumed 1,700 acres within 24 hours and left some 100,000 people homeless. The new city became more of a "growth machine" than ever before. The city is ___.

Chicago

According to political economists ____.

the distribution of wealth and power are important determinants of the shape of cities.

The "new urban sociology" ____.

draws on Marxism

According to the Central Place Theory:

a. cities are able to produce goods and services more efficiently than smaller places.
b. Cities promote competition among producers
c. economic advantages increase as one moves closer to the central business district.
d. all of the above are true

d.all of the above are true

"Welfare capitalism"

describe a market system where the government provides workers with subsidies.

The fact that many industries absorbed their competitors and formed oligopolies ___.

illustrates horizontal integration

Vertical disintegration is linked to all but which of the following:

increase in the northeastern U.S. urban population

According to Logan and Molotch, urban growth coalitions

focus on ways to increase profits and economic activities.

In the United States, economic restructuring includes

a decline in the proportion of manufacturing jobs in overall employment, and a rise in entry-level jobs for lower-skilled workers.

According to Wirth, urbanism describes

the distinctive lifestyle associated with the growth of cities.

Wirth would argue that cities differ from small towns or rural areas by

their large number of heterogeneous people, high density, and cosmopolitan lifestyle.

Gans argues that Wirth's analysis of the urban lifestyle was

applicable to part of the urban population

Individuals in Gans's "Unmarried and Childless" category

are responsible for the gentrification of urban neighborhoods.

According to Gans, urban lifestyles are shaped most strongly by

social position and age

Recent research on homelessness found that

families are the fastest growing segment of the homeless population.

Claude Fischer believes that

the city's ecology intensify people's subcultural characteristics

The fastest growing urban region is

the suburbs

In 1990, approximately what proportion of the U.S. population resided in suburbs?

46%

Suburban growth in the 1850s was

promoted by railroads

Suburban growth after World War II was promoted by

people's desire to own a home, economic prosperity, and the desire to escape minority-occupied housing of the central cities.

Since the 1970, suburbs have become

more racially diversified

The Exurbs are

the newer ring of settlement beyond the old suburbs.

In 1990, immigrants represented what percentage of Miami's total population?

Approximately one third

Since 1960, the majority of immigrants have been

people of color

The process known as "chain migration" describes the idea that

immigrants tend to settle near friends and relatives

Throughout the 1800s , most of the U.S. black population

lived in urban areas

Which of the following did not contribute to black migration to the North: urban decentralization, the growth of industrial production which followed WWII, the decline for southern agriculture, and farm mechanization.

urban decentralization

Karl and Alma Taeuber's study shows that:

segregation can be measured by an index of dissimilarity

Mexican American women

have a fertility rate twice as high as the non-Hispanic population

Since 1965,

the Chinese-American population quadrupled

Female participation in the labor force

was very limited among upper-and middle-class women throughout the nineteenth century

Chicago was incorporated as a city in

1833

Chicago political machine

focused on maintaining the quality of the central business district

Gerald Suttle's study of the Addams area on Chicago's West side suggests that

each ethnic or racial group claim their own territory

The housing problem is characterized by:

an insufficient number of low-rent housing units, property owner's search for greater profits, and an increase in the proportion of high-rent housing units.

Government intervention in housing began

with the New Deal

The federal housing programs of the New Deal had all but which following goal

Seize decaying areas and give them to developers willing to rehabilitate them

The Section 8 Program

provides rent subsidies to low-income tenants

Deterioration of buildings in inner-city occurs because

their maintenance represents more costs than rental income warrants

"Sweat Equity"

allows individuals with low income to invest in a residence

Gentrification

has increased property values in the neighborhood where it takes place

The "New Urbanism" is sometimes criticized for:

the fact that it reduces the number of low-income housing units

Crime rates today are

highest in cities

Within urban areas, crime is

most concentrated in poor neighborhoods

Oscar Newman found that crime rates

could be reduced by improving architectural design

The Inca Civilization was based in what is now

Peru

Anthropologists estimate that the population of native Latin Americans declined by ___ % during the sixteenth century.

95

The chief reason for the loss of life among Latin American natives in the sixteenth century was

Wars with the Spanish and Portuguese colonists, and diseases imported from Europe

Which of the following would be found in the plaza mayor in a Latin American colonial city?

Catholic church, government offices, wealthy residences.

Primate Cities developed most often

countries which were or are under foreign control

An argument given in the text against primate city development is that

the primate city serves s a magnet for migration and constrains the development of other cities.

Highly developed urban centers were present in Africa as long ago as

3000 B.C.E.

Early African cities were typically:

linked by trade, had narrow and winding streets, and had rich and poor living next to one another.

The second wave of European colonization in Africa began in

1862

The world's oldest well-known city, Jericho, is nearly

10,000 years old

The first country to colonize part of India was

Portugal

British sections of dual cities are

typically arranged in a grid pattern, and have a railroad run through them.

The People's Republic of China was established in

1949

Colonization has several common legacies. Which of the following are among these legacies

economic, political, national boundaries.

Latin American cities lag far behind those in Europe, Canada, and the United States because

with raw material exports as their primary source of wealth, most Latin American cities never developed much of an industrial base.

According to the text, in global perspective, Africa

is a continent in crisis, is the least urbanized continent, has the highest rate of increase in urbanization

Which of the following is NOT one of the cities of Southeast Asia: Hong Kong, Singapore, Jakarta, Bangkok

Hong Kong

Which of the following/are among the common problems of the cities of the developing world?

spiraling populations, quality of life problems, and shanty towns

Critics of modernization theory point out that

Third World countries are not developing the way the West did, and Third World economic growth is slower than Western growth.

According to interventionist theory, urban overpopulation can be controlled by

governmental regulation to promote fewer births, government regulations to support smaller cities, residence permits.

Early planning efforts were directed at all of the following excepts:
a. to glorify those in power
b. to conserve natural resources
c. reflect cultural values
d. to solve specific problems

to conserve natural resources.

City planning in the industrial era was driven primarily by

profit

Alice Constance Austin wanted new towns based on

communal living with kitchen-less houses

New Towns have been criticized for being

too small, too low density, and inflexible

Government planning of new towns is absent for the most part in the

United States

The new town in the United Stats which has been most successful in creating racial and social class interrogation is:

Columbia, Maryland

Celebration, Florida, is notable for:

its city plan which calls for homes to re-create the atmosphere of the per-World War II small town, a mixture of both expensive and low-cost housing, and a model school given a financial boost from the Walt Disney Company.

The utopian visionaries all share all of the following features except: high population densities, financial impracticality sociological naivete, rigidity in their visions

high population densities

Portland is notable for

being the only U.S. city with an extinct volcano, having the world's smallest park, and having the largest number of microbreweries of any U.S. city..

All of the following are true about city planning except:
changing city's physical from does not automatically reshape social life, planners should be allowed to control all aspects of how cities are built, planning always takes place within a framework of economic and political realities, and the goals of the planning experiments of the last century have not been met.

planners should be allowed to control all aspects of how cities are built.

The image of a city, as defined by Kevin Lynch, is the

generalized mental picture of the city's external physical world

People form images of cities by:

distinguishing between physical locations in the city, and organizing the physical locations in a meaningful way.

The five common elements in urban images according to Lynch are

districts, edges, landmarks, nodes, and paths

Pedestrian traffic in the U.S. is characterized by all of the following except

people walk blindly into traffic

An urban network is

interpersonal ties

Elizabeth Bott found that working class spouses

had a segregated marriage network while middle-class spouses had a joint one.

Identifying with the city is aided by

all of the above: sports teams, festivals, negative historical events.

Gerald Suttles argues that the images which people have about cities are

objective reality

Most urban poor try to cope with the harsh realities of life through

forming social networks

We make sense of the city by responding to its:

physical form, gesellschaft characteristics, geminschaft characteristics.

We respond to the city

in our own unique way, using common strategies, based on our social characteristics.

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