Evaluative statements or judgements concerning objects, people or events
What are the three components of an attitude
Cognitive - the opinion or belief segment of an attitude
Affective - The
emotional or feeling segment of an attitude
Behavioural - An intention to behave in a certain way towards someone or something
Does behaviour always follow from attitudes?
Leon Festinger - proposed that cases of attitude following behaviour illustrates the effect of cognitive dissonance - Incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behaviour and attitudes.
Does behaviour always follow from attitudes?
Festinger proposed that the desire to reduce dissonance depends on moderating factors - importance of the elements creating it and the degree of influence we believe we have over them. Third factor is the rewards of dissonance, high rewards accompanying high dissonance tend to reduce tension inherent in the dissonance.
Does behaviour always follow from attitudes?
The most powerful moderators of the attitudes relationship are the importance of the attitude, its correspondences to behaviour, its accessibility, the presence of social pressures and whether a person has direct experience with the attitude.
Compare and contrast the major job attitudes
1. Job satisfaction - a positive feeling about one's job, resulting from an evaluation of it's characteristics. 2. Job Involvement - The degree to which a person identifies with a job, actively participates in it and considers performance important to self worth. 3. Organisational Commitment - The degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organisation and its goals and wishes to maintain membership in the organisation. Three difference separate dimensions to organisational commitment a) Affective communication b) Continuance Commitment c) Normative Commitment
Compare and contrast the major job attitudes
4. Perceived organisational support - The degree to which employees believe an organisation values their contribution and cares about their well-being. 5- Employee Engagement - An individuals involvement with, satisfaction with and enthusiasm for the work he or she does.
Definition - A positive feeling about a job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics.
Job Satisfaction show how we can measure it?
Single global rating system - Are you satisfied with your job rating 1-5.
Summation of job facets, is more sophisticated. Identifies key elements in a job such as nature of work, supervision, present pay, promotion. Respondents rate these and add these together and
averaged to give an overall rating
Summaries the main causes of job satisfaction
Jobs that are: interesting, provide training, variety, independence and control satisfy most employees. Strong correspondences with how well people enjoy the social environment of their workplace. Feedback , social support and interaction
with employees outside the working environment.
Pay is a part of job satisfaction - but once a person reaches a level of comfortable living say 65k the relationship between pay and job satisfaction virtually disappears. Job satisfaction is not just about job conditions - personality also plays a role. People who have positive core self evaluation - believe in their inner worth and basis competences are more satisfied with their jobs than those with negative core self evaluation.
Identify four employee responses to dissatisfaction
- Exit - dissatisfaction expressed through behaviour directed towards leaving the organisation.
- Voice - dissatisfaction expressed through active and constructive attempts to improve conditions.
- Loyalty - dissatisfaction expressed by passively waiting for conditions to improve
- Neglect - dissatisfaction expressed through allowing conditions to worsen
Exit and neglect behaviours encompass out performance variables - productivity, absenteeism and turnover.
Discuss the cultural limitations of job satisfaction as a construct
Evidence suggest that employees in western countries have higher levels of job satisfaction than those in eastern cultures. Evidences suggest that individuals in cultures find negative emptions less aversive that do individuals in western cultures, who tend to emphasise positive emotions and individual happiness.
Organizational Behavior, 15e (Robbins/Judge)
Chapter 3 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
1) ________ refers to evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events.
A) Attitude
B) Behavior
C) Appearance
D) Demeanor
E) Performance
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Attitudes are evaluative statements, either favorable or unfavorable, about objects,
people, or events. They reflect how one feels about something.
Page Ref: 70
LO: 1
Difficulty: Easy
Quest. Category: Concept
Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study
2) The statement, "A person who eats meat and then fights for animal rights demonstrates double
standards" is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an
attitude.
A) cognitive
B) affective
C) reflective
D) behavioral
E) reactive
Answer: A
Explanation: A) The cognitive component of an attitude is a description of, or belief in the way things
are, which is exemplified in the statement, "A person who eats meat and then fights for animal rights
demonstrates double standards."
Page Ref: 70
LO: 1
Difficulty: Moderate
Quest. Category: Concept
Learning Outcome: Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes and values
3) Which of the following statements represents the cognitive component of attitude?
A) I have decided to inform my supervisor that I will be quitting my job.
B) I intend to work during the weekend to meet the month's deadline.
C) I feel upset about having to work during Christmas.
D) It is disappointing to know that I did not get a good evaluation.
E) This job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my skills.
Answer: E
Explanation: E) The cognitive component of an attitude is a description of, or belief in the way things
are, which is exemplified in the statement, "This job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my
skills."
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