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Terms in this set (60)
In contrast to the role of the peer group in adolescent development, the family is best suited for helping the adolescent with regard to:
responsibility
Self-esteem is _____ among students who are identified with peer groups that have relatively high status in their school.
higher
Which of the following statements about cliques is false?
Cliques are typically more emotionally salient for adolescents involved in antisocial behavior
Shaquille is a jock. Consequently, we would expect him to be involved in:
his peer culture and in institutions valued by adults
According to Hollingshead, adolescents associate with peers based chiefly on:
social class
A separate youth culture is said to promote all of the following, except:
academics
Research studying adolescent friendship networks has found all of the following, except:
more than half of the adolescents in any given school are members of cliques
Jacqueline, Kristine, Ruby, and Veronica all belong to the same clique. Jacqueline, who is considered the leader of the clique, plays on the volleyball team with Kristine. Ruby is a cheerleader and Veronica is the star of the school play. Which girl is most likely to start dating first?
Jacqueline
The world is arguably a more stressful place to grow up in now than it was in the past for all of the following reasons, except:
adolescents are now more susceptible to their peers than were other generations
In The Adolescent Society, Coleman expressed concern over the finding that adolescents:
placed less emphasis on academic success than their parents
Adolescents from which of the following crowds experience more peer pressure to engage in delinquent behavior?
"druggies"
Age segregation in schools is the most efficient way to educate children in societies that are:
universalistic
Dawn has always enjoyed school and excelled in her classes. In middle school, she has connected with a group of friends who also enjoy school. They often spend time studying together. This is an example of:
Both a and b
Which adolescent is most likely to have a decrease in time spent with parents and a dramatic increase in the amount of time spent with peers?
Maya, a white female
The main reason that reactive aggression is associated with unpopularity and greater problems with peers is that reactive aggression is characterized by:
a combination of aggression and poor emotion regulation or lack of social skills
In a particular tribe, relatives of the chief are allowed to choose their own mates, whereas others must abide by arranged marriages. This is an example of a:
particularistic norm
In contrast to crowds, cliques:
are settings for adolescents' intimate interactions
Professor McGonagall has been watching the students at Hogwarts for several years as they move through adolescence. Which groups are most likely to exhibit favorable patterns of achievement over time?
jocks and brains
Which of the following is most characteristic of childhood peer groups?
sex cleavage
All of the following are examples of universalistic norms in American society, except:
taking piano lessons
Mixed-sex cliques start becoming more prevalent during:
middle adolescence
Dan planned a party and invited his whole English class by passing out personal invitations. Dan accidentally forgot to make an invitation for Sam. Sam assumed he wasn't invited and became irate at Dan for excluding him. This is an example of:
hostile attributional bias
_____ are settings for intimate interactions and friendships, whereas _____ are based on reputation, rather than on actual social interaction.
Cliques; crowds
All of the following are classifications for unpopular or disliked adolescents, except:
offensive-reclusive
Hostile attributional bias:
plays a central role in the aggressive behavior of rejected adolescents
The chief determinant of popularity in high school is:
social competence
Adolescent peer groups fall along two dimensions:
adult orientation; peer orientation
Interventions designed to help unpopular adolescents improve their social skills have employed which of the following techniques?
teaching social skills like self-expression and leadership techniques
A research technique in which the researcher "infiltrates" a group of individuals in order to study their behavior and relationships is called:
participant observation
Who is at the greatest risk of developing psychological problems as a result of peer rejection?
an aggressive-withdrawn child
Research about contemporary adolescents is clear that these adolescents ________ than adolescents in previous times.
spend more time in peer groups
Eric, a 4th grader, spends a lot of time with his peers and is more likely to engage in which of the following activities:
Little League baseball
Marilyn, a typical high school freshman, has been asked to list the people in her life who are most important to her. Nearly half the list consists of:
same-age peers
Judy and Jessica hang around people their same age. These people are most accurately described as:
peers
Understanding social relations that lead adolescents to gather in crowds is an example of which form of transition that occurs during adolescence?
cognitive
According to some commentators, teenagers have become separate from adult society to such an extent that they have established their own society, which undermines parents' authority and emphasizes peer deviance. This society is called:
the youth culture
Tony belongs to a peer culture called "the toughs." We would expect that Tony is:
possibly a gang member
During the first half of the 21st century, the adolescent population is expected to:
remain constant
Jordan is a preadolescent. Her friendship circle is largely comprised of other young girls. What has Jordan's social life been influenced by?
sex cleavage
Similarity in ________ is most likely to serve as a basis for cross-ethnic group friendships.
patterns of substance use
The process of grouping individuals within social institutions on the basis of chronological age is called:
age grading
Greg is the star quarterback of the football team and hangs out with Larry, who is the star pitcher of the baseball team. Ben also hangs out with Larry and Greg. When classmates refer to Ben, they call him a member of the "jocks." The crowd with which Ben associates serves as:
a reference group
The term for Mexican-American female gang members is:
cholas
Dr. Whitney wanted to study the structure of adolescents' peer groups. She pretended to be a newcomer to the community and attended the local high school. She met a group of students and eventually joined their group. This type of observation is called:
participant observation
All of the following are significant changes in peer groups that occur during adolescence, except:
a decrease in the size of their peer groups
Research on the structure of cliques during high school has suggested that adolescents can fall into any of the following categories, except:
clique avoiders
According to Brown's (2004) study of crowds in high school, what fraction of adolescents do not fit clearly into any crowd?
one-sixth
Following the end of World War II, many parents wanted to have children as soon as possible, creating what has come to be called the postwar:
baby boom
As a social scientist who works with advocacy groups, it is most likely that Professor Sandburg would be interested in tracking the size of the adolescent population over a period of time for all of the following reasons, except:
he wants to see how these groups are influenced by the mass media
In early adolescence, _____ friendships are most common, and in late adolescence, _____ friendships are common.
same sex; opposite sex
By middle to late adolescence, cliques are often segregated by race. All of the following are possible explanations for this phenomenon, except:
differential abilities in athletics
By the end of high school, crowds:
become less important to adolescents
Esther has been rejected by her peers because she is withdrawn and reclusive. Esther is most likely to be at risk for:
diminished social competence
A reason stated in the text to explain why today's youth do not place the same value on education as their parents is that American adolescents:
have become alienated from and unfamiliar with the values of adults
A group of individuals who are born during a particular time period (e.g., the baby boomers) is known as what?
a cohort
Which adolescent would be expected to spend the most amount of time with his parents?
Sanjay, who lives in India
Eleanor Maccoby states all of the following reasons that adolescents separate themselves into same-sex cliques, except:
parents' fears that cross-sex cliques will lead to early sexual activity
During childhood, boys typically associate with boys, while girls primarily associate with other girls. This separation of boys and girls has been referred to as:
sex cleavage
In middle school, Carlos was involved in many school plays and musicals. Being part of the drama crowd was important for Carlos in what way?
identity development
Tommy values education and works hard in school but also enjoys hanging out with his friends on the weekend. Which peer crowd is Tommy most likely to belong to?
"populars"
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