Show Graph comparing countries GDP per capita as a function of women employed in service sector jobs Rostow's Model for Development In the 1950s, W.W. Rostow, an advocate of the international trade approach to development, proposed a five-stage model for it, alternately called the
international trade development model or Rostow’s model. The five stages included the traditional society, the preconditions for takeoff, the takeoff, the drive to maturity, and the age of mass consumption. According to the international trade model, every country is in one of these five stages. Similar to the demographic transition model, the more developed countries are in the later stages of development, typically stage four or five. Conversely, the less developed countries are in the earlier
three stages of development. Human Development IndexThe Human Development Index (HDI) was created by the United Nations to measure a country’s level of development. It uses three factors –economic, social, and demographic— to distinguish the level of development. The economic factor is the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita produced in a country. To determine the social factor, the HDI measures the literacy rate and amount of education in a country. Finally, the demographic factor is life expectancy. The highest possible HDI for a country is 1.0, or 100%. The country with the highest HDI recently was Norway, with a HDI of 0.963, while the lowest ranked country was Niger, with a HDI of only 0.281. When assessing the economic factor, the gross domestic product per capita per year of a country is measured. Gross domestic product is the value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country. Dividing the gross domestic product by the total population measures the contribution the average individual makes towards the country’s overall wealth. However, measuring the gross domestic product per capita only measures the average wealth, not it’s distribution. For example, in a more developed country such as the United States, the gross domestic product per capita is high, but many people are still living in poverty. Likewise, in some less developed countries with a very low gross domestic product per capita, there are still some wealthy individuals. Thus, while gross domestic product per capita is a useful measure in calculating a country’s overall Human Development Index, it is not perfect. The social factors for calculating the HDI of a country are both the literacy rate and the amount of education in a country. In general, more developed countries will have a greater quantity and quality of education. This simply means that, on average, students will attend school longer, the average student/teacher ratio will be lower, and the literacy rate will be higher than in less developed countries. The literacy rate, an important factor in calculating the HDI of a country, is simply the percentage of a country’s people who can read and write. Finally, the demographic factor used to compute a country’s HDI is life expectancy. Life expectancy is simply the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels. Obviously, the life expectancy will be longer in more developed countries and shorter in less developed countries. People may expect to live longer in more developed countries because of better health and welfare. Additionally, since more developed countries have longer life expectancies, they have a greater percentage of older people than less developed countries. Graph To more fully explore the concepts of HDI and Rostow's model, I created a graph comparing three different countries on the basis of factors that would differ from more developed to less developed countries (this graph is included above, including a link to the site where
it can played in full as a graph of the changing statistics in the countries over the years). In creating the graph, I thought back to learning about the social and economic standing of women in the world, and how that affected the quality of life in different countries. Though in no country have women achieved complete equality with men, those where women are more equal tend to be more developed and economically successful. The main reason for this correlation is that more equality for women
means better education, which in turn translates to more women in the workforce (though women also have yet to achieve complete equality of pay with men). If more women are working in higher sector (or service sector) jobs in a given country, they are actively contributing to their country’s economy, instead of placing a burden on it by relying on men to support them. Thus, I chose to make the percentage of female service workers the independent variable on my graph. I thought that the
percentage of women in the workforce would directly relate to the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in a country, for the aforementioned reasons. In choosing which countries to represent on the graph, I wanted to use countries from different stages of Rostow’s model of development. I chose Norway, boasting a HDI of 0.963, to represent a country in the late stages of Rostow’s model. I then selected Chile, with an HDI of 0.862, to represent a country in the middle stages of Rostow’s model.
Finally, I chose Nigeria, which has an HDI of 0.459, to represent a country in the early stages of the model. OutcomeThe overall product seemed to be consistent with each country’s HDI and progress in terms of Rostow’s model. They seemed to follow his model fairly closely. As expected, Norway consistently had a large percentage
of women employed in service sector jobs, as well as the highest overall gross domestic product per capita of all of the three countries. Chile was second, both in percentage of women employed in service sector jobs and overall gross domestic product per capita. While the percentage of both women employed in service sector jobs and the gross domestic product per capita grew for both Norway and Chile over the years (despite some minor setbacks in certain anomalous years), the percentage of women
employed in service sector jobs actually decreased in Nigeria, and the gross domestic product per capita, while not declining significantly, stayed at a relatively low, if consistent, level. How does Rostow explain development?Rostow argues that through increased investment, increased exposure to modernized, Western society, and changes in traditional culture and values, societies will become more highly developed.
Which is the first stage in Rostow's model of economic growth?Using these ideas, Rostow penned his classic "Stages of Economic Growth" in 1960, which presented five steps through which all countries must pass to become developed: 1) traditional society, 2) preconditions to take-off, 3) take-off, 4) drive to maturity and 5) age of high mass consumption.
Which of the following is a stage in Rostow's stages of development?Rostow's Stages of Economic Growth include the following five stages: Traditional Society; Preconditions for Take-Off; Take-Off; Drive to Maturity; and Age of High Mass Consumption.
What did Rostow's stages assume quizlet?assumed that all countries wanted to modernize, and that all would, though at different speeds. Also saw that economic development as a linear progression in which countries moved from one stage to the next until they reached high mass consumption.
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